To give the step by step anionic polymerization mechanism for the formation of carbowax by using NaOH as a catalyst. Concept introduction: Poly (ethylene glycol) is a polyether which is obtained from the anionic polymerization of ethylene oxide (C 2 H 4 O). The anionic polymerization of ethylene oxide is complicated by the association phenomenon and the participation of ion-pair and free ion intermediates in the propagation reactions. Anionic polymerization takes place where the monomer unit have a EWG (elctron withdrawing group). This type of polymerization proceeds with the addition of the nucleophile with the monomer’s double bond. The nucleophile may be hydroxide, cyanide etc. On other hand it can also be initiated by the elctron transfer from the alkali species used as an catalyst. In general there is no termination step. The reaction will continue till all the monomer and the catalyst have been consumed. Anionic polymerization is also called living polymerization as the reaction will again start when the monomer and catalyst is added to it.

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Answer 1

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Definition Definition Chemical process in which one or more monomers combine to produce a very large chain-like molecule called a polymer. The functional groups present on the monomers and their steric effects are responsible for polymerization through a sequence of reactions that vary in complexity. There exists a stable covalent chemical bond between monomers that sets apart polymerization from other processes.

Chapter 31.SE, Problem 15MP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

To give the step by step anionic polymerization mechanism for the formation of carbowax by using NaOH as a catalyst.

Concept introduction:

Poly (ethylene glycol) is a polyether which is obtained from the anionic polymerization of ethylene oxide (C₂H₄O). The anionic polymerization of ethylene oxide is complicated by the association phenomenon and the participation of ion-pair and free ion intermediates in the propagation reactions.

Anionic polymerization takes place where the monomer unit have a EWG (elctron withdrawing group). This type of polymerization proceeds with the addition of the nucleophile with the monomer’s double bond. The nucleophile may be hydroxide, cyanide etc. On other hand it can also be initiated by the elctron transfer from the alkali species used as an catalyst.

In general there is no termination step. The reaction will continue till all the monomer and the catalyst have been consumed.

Anionic polymerization is also called living polymerization as the reaction will again start when the monomer and catalyst is added to it.

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Part II. Given two isomers: 2-methylpentane (A) and 2,2-dimethyl butane (B) answer the following: (a) match structures of isomers given their mass spectra below (spectra A and spectra B) (b) Draw the fragments given the following prominent peaks from each spectrum: Spectra A m/2 =43 and 1/2-57 spectra B m/2 = 43 (c) why is 1/2=57 peak in spectrum A more intense compared to the same peak in spectrum B. Relative abundance Relative abundance 100 A 50 29 29 0 10 -0 -0 100 B 50 720 30 41 43 57 71 4-0 40 50 60 70 m/z 43 57 8-0 m/z = 86 M 90 100 71 m/z = 86 M -O 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 -88 m/z 90 100

Part IV. C6H5 CH2CH2OH is an aromatic compound which was subjected to Electron Ionization - mass spectrometry (El-MS) analysis. Prominent m/2 values: m/2 = 104 and m/2 = 9) was obtained. Draw the structures of these fragments.

For each reaction shown below follow the curved arrows to complete each equationby showing the structure of the products. Identify the acid, the base, the conjugated acid andconjugated base. Consutl the pKa table and choose the direciton theequilibrium goes. However show the curved arrows. Please explain if possible.

Answer 2

Question

Definition Definition Chemical process in which one or more monomers combine to produce a very large chain-like molecule called a polymer. The functional groups present on the monomers and their steric effects are responsible for polymerization through a sequence of reactions that vary in complexity. There exists a stable covalent chemical bond between monomers that sets apart polymerization from other processes.

Chapter 31.SE, Problem 15MP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

To give the step by step anionic polymerization mechanism for the formation of carbowax by using NaOH as a catalyst.

Concept introduction:

Poly (ethylene glycol) is a polyether which is obtained from the anionic polymerization of ethylene oxide (C₂H₄O). The anionic polymerization of ethylene oxide is complicated by the association phenomenon and the participation of ion-pair and free ion intermediates in the propagation reactions.

Anionic polymerization takes place where the monomer unit have a EWG (elctron withdrawing group). This type of polymerization proceeds with the addition of the nucleophile with the monomer’s double bond. The nucleophile may be hydroxide, cyanide etc. On other hand it can also be initiated by the elctron transfer from the alkali species used as an catalyst.

In general there is no termination step. The reaction will continue till all the monomer and the catalyst have been consumed.

Anionic polymerization is also called living polymerization as the reaction will again start when the monomer and catalyst is added to it.

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Answer 3

Question

Definition Definition Chemical process in which one or more monomers combine to produce a very large chain-like molecule called a polymer. The functional groups present on the monomers and their steric effects are responsible for polymerization through a sequence of reactions that vary in complexity. There exists a stable covalent chemical bond between monomers that sets apart polymerization from other processes.

Chapter 31.SE, Problem 15MP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

To give the step by step anionic polymerization mechanism for the formation of carbowax by using NaOH as a catalyst.

Concept introduction:

Poly (ethylene glycol) is a polyether which is obtained from the anionic polymerization of ethylene oxide (C₂H₄O). The anionic polymerization of ethylene oxide is complicated by the association phenomenon and the participation of ion-pair and free ion intermediates in the propagation reactions.

Anionic polymerization takes place where the monomer unit have a EWG (elctron withdrawing group). This type of polymerization proceeds with the addition of the nucleophile with the monomer’s double bond. The nucleophile may be hydroxide, cyanide etc. On other hand it can also be initiated by the elctron transfer from the alkali species used as an catalyst.

In general there is no termination step. The reaction will continue till all the monomer and the catalyst have been consumed.

Anionic polymerization is also called living polymerization as the reaction will again start when the monomer and catalyst is added to it.

Expert Solution & Answer

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Check out a sample textbook solution

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Answer 4

Question

Definition Definition Chemical process in which one or more monomers combine to produce a very large chain-like molecule called a polymer. The functional groups present on the monomers and their steric effects are responsible for polymerization through a sequence of reactions that vary in complexity. There exists a stable covalent chemical bond between monomers that sets apart polymerization from other processes.

Chapter 31.SE, Problem 15MP

Interpretation Introduction