EBK BIOLOGY
10th Edition
ISBN: 8220100474729
Author: Martin
Publisher: Cengage Learning US
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Chapter 3.1, Problem 4C
Summary Introduction
To explain: The way in which the designation that a group is non-polar, polar, acidic, or basic is related to its hydrophilic or hydrophobic properties.
Introduction: An organic compound is defined as the chemical compound that has carbon and other elements. A
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which of the following statements is correct regarding the affect of pH on the ionization of R groups in amino acids. Put yes or no next to each number.
1) at an acidic pH, amino groups in an R group tend to lonize by accepting a proton and have a positive charge2) at an acidic pH, carboxyl groups in an R group are likely to be in an unionized state.3) at an alkaline pH, amino groups in an R group have a tendency to remain unionized (and uncharged).4) at an alkaline pH, carboxyl groups in an R group have a tendency to lonize by loosing a hydrogen ion (H+)5) R groups that do not have an amino or carboxyl group do not ionize at pH of the environment changes.
What is meant by “polarity” of a polypeptide chain and by “polarity” of a chemical bond? How do the meanings differ?
What is misleading about the term hydrophobic bond? What drives the hydrophobic effect? How is it less correct to think about the attraction of hydrophobic groups than to consider the change in the water structure?
Chapter 3 Solutions
EBK BIOLOGY
Ch. 3.1 - Describe the properties of carbon that make it the...Ch. 3.1 - Define the term isomer and distinguish among the...Ch. 3.1 - Identify the major functional groups present in...Ch. 3.1 - Explain the relationship between polymers and...Ch. 3.1 - What are some of the ways that the features of...Ch. 3.1 - Prob. 2CCh. 3.1 - Prob. 3CCh. 3.1 - Prob. 4CCh. 3.1 - Prob. 5CCh. 3.2 - Distinguish among monosaccharides, disaccharides,...
Ch. 3.2 - Prob. 1CCh. 3.3 - Distinguish among fats, phospholipids, and...Ch. 3.3 - Prob. 1CCh. 3.3 - Explain why the structure of phospholipids enables...Ch. 3.4 - Give an overall description of the structure and...Ch. 3.4 - Prob. 8LOCh. 3.4 - Distinguish among the four levels of organization...Ch. 3.4 - Prob. 1CCh. 3.4 - Prob. 2CCh. 3.5 - Describe the components of a nucleotide. Name some...Ch. 3.5 - VISUALIZE Sketch a pyrimidine nucleotide subunit...Ch. 3.6 - Compare the functions and chemical compositions of...Ch. 3.6 - How can you distinguish a pentose sugar from a...Ch. 3 - Prob. 1TYUCh. 3 - VISUALIZE The structures depicted are (a)...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3TYUCh. 3 - The synthetic process by which monomers are...Ch. 3 - A monosaccharide designated as an aldehyde sugar...Ch. 3 - Structural polysaccharides typically (a) have...Ch. 3 - Saturated fatty acids are so named because they...Ch. 3 - Fatty acids in phospholipids and triacylglycerols...Ch. 3 - Which of the following levels of protein structure...Ch. 3 - Which of the following associations between R...Ch. 3 - Each phosphodiester linkage in DNA or RNA includes...Ch. 3 - PREDICT Do any of the amino acid side groups shown...Ch. 3 - PREDICT Like oxygen, sulfur forms two covalent...Ch. 3 - Hydrogen bonds and van der Waals interactions are...Ch. 3 - EVOLUTION LINK In what ways are all species alike...Ch. 3 - EVOLUTION LINK The total number of possible amino...Ch. 3 - EVOLUTION LINK Each amino acid could potentially...
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- What are functional groups in biological molecules? Functional groups: Hydroxyl group Carbonyl group Carboxyl group Amino group Sulfhydryl group Phosphate group Methyl grouparrow_forwardList the four types of non-covalent interactions that are important in providing stability to the three-dimensional structures of macromolecules. Why is it important that these interactions be non-covalent, rather than covalent, bonds?arrow_forwardWhich of the following is true of sphingolipids? They always contain glycerol and fatty acids. They may be charged, but are never amphipathic. They contain two esterified fatty acids. Phosphatidylcholine is a typical sphingolipid. The sphingosine backbone is O-linked to a head group.arrow_forward
- Which of the following describes how regions of phospholipids are arranged in the cell membrane? Hydrophobic fatty acid regions are positioned toward polar environments. Hydrophilic phosphate regions are positioned toward nonpolar environments. Hydrophilic phosphate regions face each other within the interior of the cell membrane. Hydrophobic fatty acid regions face each other within the interior of the cell membrane.arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements is TRUE for nonpolar amino acid residues of polypeptides or proteins in an aqueous solution? None of the above They are hydrophilic and found buried within proteins They are hydrophilic and found on protein surfaces They are hydrophobic and found on protein surfaces They are hydrophobic and found buried within proteinsarrow_forwardarrange the following lipids in order of decreasing polarity: cholesterol, triglyceride, estradiol, fatty acid, phosphatidyl cholinearrow_forward
- Consider the following tetrapeptide, written in a sequence according to normal convention, from left to right: Residue 1 is acidic; Residue 2 is cysteine (an amino acid containing a CH2SH R-group); Residue 3 is proline (a large hydrophobic amino acid); Residue 4 is basic. Which of the following four general statements is TRUE regarding this tetrapeptide? Residue 2 belongs to the amino acid category known as "basic." 3 of these 4 responses are correct O This tetrapeptide does not have the ability to form a disulfide linkage with an identical tetrapeptide. The acidic residue (Residue #1) is at the amino terminus of this tetrapeptide. This tetrapeptide could be part of an alpha-helix, since the large size of the proline would not have any impact on the consistency of the spiral shape.arrow_forwardWhich of the following statement regarding the ends of polysaccharides are true? for heads up 2 and 4 are not correct .. just pick only one answer 1) All polysaccharides have one, and only one, reducing end. 2) Some polysaccharides may have no reducing end. 3) Some polysaccharides may have no non-reducing ends. 4) All polysaccharides have a N-glycosidic bond at their reducing ends. 5) Some polysaccharides may have a functional group other than a carbonyl group at their reducing ends.arrow_forwardWhat type of intermolecular forces exists between the side chains of each of the following pairs of amino acids? serine and threonine isoleucine and valine arginine and aspartic acid cysteine and cysteinearrow_forward
- The following is a block diagram for a glycerophospholipid where the building blocks are labeled with letters and the linkages between building blocks are labeled with numbers. ____________ 5. Which building blocks are glycerol residues? ____________ 6. Which building blocks are phosphate residues? ____________ 7. Which linkages involve an alcohol residue? ____________ 8. Which linkages involve both glycerol and fatty acid residues?arrow_forwardSphingolipids are considered as phospholipids if: O The polar head group contains a single sugar (carbohydrate) such as glucose All sphingolipids are phospholipids O The polar head group contains a phosphate group The polar head group contains a complex sugar (carbohydrate) containg sialic acidarrow_forwardA mutation leads to a change in amino acid from valine, an amino acid with a nonpolar side chain, to aspartic acid, an amino acid with a polar, negatively-charged side chain. Do you think that the following levels of protein structure change? If so, how and why? If not, why not? Please frame your answer in terms of chemical bonds and interactions. (primary structure, secondary structure, tertiary structure, quartenary structure)arrow_forward
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