Chapter 31, Problem 31.50P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation: The product for the given reaction is to be drawn.

Concept introduction: Radical polymerization takes place via free radical intermediate. The peroxide used in this polymerization forms the free radical $\text{RO}·$ which acts as the initiator.

The alkenes which have the substituents that can stabilize the radicals undergo radical polymerization.

Answer to Problem 31.50P

The product for the given reaction is,

Explanation of Solution

The given alkene undergoes radical polymerization in presence of peroxide to form the polymer. The corresponding chemical reaction is shown below.

Figure 1

Conclusion

The product for the given reaction is shown in Figure 1.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation: The product for the given reaction is to be drawn.

Concept introduction: The reaction of an olefin with Ziegler-Natta catalyst leads to the formation of a linear and high molecular weight polymer. The components involved in Ziegler-Natta catalyst are ${\text{TiCl}}_{\text{4}}+{\text{Et}}_{\text{3}}\text{Al}$.

Answer to Problem 31.50P

The product for the given reaction is,

Explanation of Solution

The given alkene undergoes polymerization in presence of Ziegler-Natta to form the linear and high molecular weight polymer. The corresponding chemical reaction is shown below.

Figure 2

Conclusion

The product for the given reaction is shown in Figure 2.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation: The product for the given reaction is to be drawn.

Concept introduction: The anionic polymerization is a chain growth polymerization. Anionic polymerization takes place in alkene substituted with electron withdrawing groups and epoxides. In this polymerization the initiator is anion.

Answer to Problem 31.50P

The product for the given reaction is,

Explanation of Solution

The given alkene undergoes anionic polymerization in presence of $\text{BuLi}$ to form the polymer. The corresponding chemical reaction is shown below.

Figure 3

Conclusion

The product for the given reaction is shown in Figure 3.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation: The product for the given reaction is to be drawn.

Concept introduction: The cationic polymerization is a chain growth polymerization. This polymerization occurs in the alkenes with substituents which can stabilize the intermediate carbocation. This is an electrophilc addition reaction that involves the carbocations as intermediates.

Answer to Problem 31.50P

The product for the given reaction is,

Explanation of Solution

The given alkene undergoes cationic polymerization in presence of boron trifluoride in aqueous medium to form the polymer. The corresponding chemical reaction is shown below.

Figure 4

Conclusion

The product for the given reaction is shown in Figure 4.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation: The product for the given reaction is to be drawn.

Concept introduction: The anionic polymerization is a chain growth polymerization. Anionic polymerization takes place in alkene substituted with electron withdrawing groups and epoxides. In this polymerization the initiator is anion.

Answer to Problem 31.50P

The product for the given reaction is,

Explanation of Solution

The given epoxide undergoes anionic polymerization in presence base to form the polymer. The corresponding chemical reaction is shown below.

Figure 5

Conclusion

The product for the given reaction is shown in Figure 5.

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation: The product for the given reaction is to be drawn.

Concept introduction: In Step-growth polymerization the monomers with different functional groups combine together to form the polymer with the loss of small molecule such as water. For example polyamides, polyesters, polyurethanes, polycarbonates and epoxy resins.

Prepolymer which is composed of polymeric chain with epoxide rings at the each terminal and cross linked polymers. These two components form epoxy resins.

Answer to Problem 31.50P

The product for the given reaction is,

Explanation of Solution

The resorcinol undergoes step growth polymerization in presence of excess epichlorohydrin to form the polymer. The corresponding chemical reaction is shown below.

Figure 6

Conclusion

The product for the given reaction is shown in Figure 6.

Interpretation Introduction

(g)

Interpretation: The product for the given reaction is to be drawn.

Concept introduction: In Step-growth polymerization the monomers with different functional groups combine together to form the polymer with the loss of small molecule such as water. For example polyamides, polyesters, polyurethanes, polycarbonates and epoxy resins.

The polyesters are formed by the reaction of acid and alcohol as monomers.

Answer to Problem 31.50P

The product for the given reaction is,

Explanation of Solution

The given polyester on hydrolysis produces its monomers. The ester linkages are cleaved to produce alcohol and acid. The corresponding chemical reaction is shown below.

Figure 7

Conclusion

The product for the given reaction is shown in Figure 7.

Interpretation Introduction

(h)

Interpretation: The product for the given reaction is to be drawn.

Concept introduction: The reaction of monomer unit to produce a chain like or cyclic structure is known as polymerization. In some polymerization, ring formation takes place which are called ring-forming polymerization.

Answer to Problem 31.50P

The product for the given reaction is,

Explanation of Solution

The given compound reacts with base to form the cyclic polymer. The corresponding chemical reaction is shown below.

Figure 8

Conclusion

The product for the given reaction is shown in Figure 8.

Interpretation Introduction

(i)

Interpretation: The product for the given reaction is to be drawn.

Concept introduction: In Step-growth polymerization the monomers with different functional groups combine together to form the polymer with the loss of small molecule such as water. For example polyamides, polyesters, polyurethanes, polycarbonates and epoxy resins.

Polyurethanes contain carbonyl compounds bonded to $\text{OR}$ and ${\text{NR}}_2$ or $\text{NHR}$ group.

Answer to Problem 31.50P

The product for the given reaction is,

Explanation of Solution

The given diisocyanate reacts with the given diol to undergo step growth polymerization in to form the polyurethane. The corresponding chemical reaction is shown below.

Figure 9

Conclusion

The product for the given reaction is shown in Figure 9.

Interpretation Introduction

(j)

Interpretation: The product for the given reaction is to be drawn.

Concept introduction: In Step-growth polymerization the monomers with different functional groups combine together to form the polymer with the loss of small molecule such as water. For example polyamides, polyesters, polyurethanes, polycarbonates and epoxy resins.

Polycarbonates contain carbonyl compounds bonded to two $\text{OR}$ groups.

Answer to Problem 31.50P

The product for the given reaction is,

Explanation of Solution

The given diol reacts with phosgene to undergo step growth polymerization to form the polycarbonate. The corresponding chemical reaction is shown below.

Figure 10

Conclusion

The product for the given reaction is shown in Figure 10.