The meaning of electroosmotic flow and the reason for itsoccurrence needs to be explained. Concept introduction: When electric field is applied in a liquid, the ions present in the liquid moves under the influence of potential gradient. This flow of liquid is termed as electroosmotic flow. It is most obvious is those having small channels. It occurs in buffered solutions and natural water.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 30, Problem 30.1QAP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The meaning of electroosmotic flow and the reason for itsoccurrence needs to be explained.

Concept introduction:

When electric field is applied in a liquid, the ions present in the liquid moves under the influence of potential gradient. This flow of liquid is termed as electroosmotic flow. It is most obvious is those having small channels. It occurs in buffered solutions and natural water.

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 30.1QAP

Electroosmotic flow of liquid is caused by gradient in potential across the capillary tube on the flowing liquid that has dissolved ions. This is caused when the capillary walls get electrically charged.

Explanation of Solution

When a capillary tube is filled with fluid having dissolved ions, and electrical field is applied, the buffer ions move to respond to the electrical charges. As the solvent which is water is neutral, it remains stationary and the fluid ions move towards its electrodes with respect to the charges applied. Below is depiction of movement of electrons:

Principles of Instrumental Analysis, Chapter 30, Problem 30.1QAP

There is coulombic force induced by charges of ions in the solution wherein its net mobile charge causes electroosmotic flow. During this process of maintaining chemical equilibrium between the solid surface and solution, there is a layer of mobile ions termed as Debye layer that forms near the interface. Hence, by applying electric field to fluid the net charge in the layer gets induced and starts to move resulting in a coulomb force. This force is called electroosmotic flow.

Conclusion

Electroosmotic flow of liquid is caused due to a potential gradient across the capillary tube on the flowing liquid containing dissolved ions. This is caused when the capillary walls get electrically charged due to the application of electric field from outside.

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(a 4 shows scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of extruded actions of packing bed for two capillary columns of different diameters, al 750 (bottom image) and b) 30-μm-i.d. Both columns are packed with the same stationary phase, spherical particles with 1-um diameter. A) When the columns were prepared, the figure shows that the column with the larger diameter has more packing irregularities. Explain this observation. B) Predict what affect this should have on band broadening and discuss your prediction using the van Deemter terms. C) Does this figure support your explanations in application question 33? Explain why or why not and make any changes in your answers in light of this figure. Figure 4 SEM images of sections of packed columns for a) 750 and b) 30-um-i.d. capillary columns.³

fcrip = ↓ bandwidth Il temp 32. What impact (increase, decrease, or no change) does each of the following conditions have on the individual components of the van Deemter equation and consequently, band broadening? Increase temperature Longer column Using a gas mobile phase instead of liquid Smaller particle stationary phase Multiple Paths Diffusion Mass Transfer

34. Figure 3 shows Van Deemter plots for a solute molecule using different column inner diameters (i.d.). A) Predict whether decreasing the column inner diameters increase or decrease bandwidth. B) Predict which van Deemter equation coefficient (A, B, or C) has the greatest effect on increasing or decreasing bandwidth as a function of i.d. and justify your answer. Figure 3 Van Deemter plots for hydroquinone using different column inner diameters (i.d. in μm). The data was obtained from liquid chromatography experiments using fused-silica capillary columns packed with 1.0-μm particles. 35 20 H(um) 큰 20 15 90 0+ 1500 100 75 550 01 02 594 05 μ(cm/sec) 30 15 10

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 30, Problem 30.1QAP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The meaning of electroosmotic flow and the reason for itsoccurrence needs to be explained.

Concept introduction:

When electric field is applied in a liquid, the ions present in the liquid moves under the influence of potential gradient. This flow of liquid is termed as electroosmotic flow. It is most obvious is those having small channels. It occurs in buffered solutions and natural water.

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 30.1QAP

Electroosmotic flow of liquid is caused by gradient in potential across the capillary tube on the flowing liquid that has dissolved ions. This is caused when the capillary walls get electrically charged.

Explanation of Solution

When a capillary tube is filled with fluid having dissolved ions, and electrical field is applied, the buffer ions move to respond to the electrical charges. As the solvent which is water is neutral, it remains stationary and the fluid ions move towards its electrodes with respect to the charges applied. Below is depiction of movement of electrons:

Principles of Instrumental Analysis, Chapter 30, Problem 30.1QAP

There is coulombic force induced by charges of ions in the solution wherein its net mobile charge causes electroosmotic flow. During this process of maintaining chemical equilibrium between the solid surface and solution, there is a layer of mobile ions termed as Debye layer that forms near the interface. Hence, by applying electric field to fluid the net charge in the layer gets induced and starts to move resulting in a coulomb force. This force is called electroosmotic flow.

Conclusion

Electroosmotic flow of liquid is caused due to a potential gradient across the capillary tube on the flowing liquid containing dissolved ions. This is caused when the capillary walls get electrically charged due to the application of electric field from outside.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 30, Problem 30.1QAP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The meaning of electroosmotic flow and the reason for itsoccurrence needs to be explained.

Concept introduction:

When electric field is applied in a liquid, the ions present in the liquid moves under the influence of potential gradient. This flow of liquid is termed as electroosmotic flow. It is most obvious is those having small channels. It occurs in buffered solutions and natural water.

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 30.1QAP

Electroosmotic flow of liquid is caused by gradient in potential across the capillary tube on the flowing liquid that has dissolved ions. This is caused when the capillary walls get electrically charged.

Explanation of Solution

When a capillary tube is filled with fluid having dissolved ions, and electrical field is applied, the buffer ions move to respond to the electrical charges. As the solvent which is water is neutral, it remains stationary and the fluid ions move towards its electrodes with respect to the charges applied. Below is depiction of movement of electrons:

Principles of Instrumental Analysis, Chapter 30, Problem 30.1QAP

There is coulombic force induced by charges of ions in the solution wherein its net mobile charge causes electroosmotic flow. During this process of maintaining chemical equilibrium between the solid surface and solution, there is a layer of mobile ions termed as Debye layer that forms near the interface. Hence, by applying electric field to fluid the net charge in the layer gets induced and starts to move resulting in a coulomb force. This force is called electroosmotic flow.

Conclusion

Electroosmotic flow of liquid is caused due to a potential gradient across the capillary tube on the flowing liquid containing dissolved ions. This is caused when the capillary walls get electrically charged due to the application of electric field from outside.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 30, Problem 30.1QAP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The meaning of electroosmotic flow and the reason for itsoccurrence needs to be explained.

Concept introduction:

When electric field is applied in a liquid, the ions present in the liquid moves under the influence of potential gradient. This flow of liquid is termed as electroosmotic flow. It is most obvious is those having small channels. It occurs in buffered solutions and natural water.

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 30.1QAP

Electroosmotic flow of liquid is caused by gradient in potential across the capillary tube on the flowing liquid that has dissolved ions. This is caused when the capillary walls get electrically charged.

Explanation of Solution

When a capillary tube is filled with fluid having dissolved ions, and electrical field is applied, the buffer ions move to respond to the electrical charges. As the solvent which is water is neutral, it remains stationary and the fluid ions move towards its electrodes with respect to the charges applied. Below is depiction of movement of electrons:

Principles of Instrumental Analysis, Chapter 30, Problem 30.1QAP

There is coulombic force induced by charges of ions in the solution wherein its net mobile charge causes electroosmotic flow. During this process of maintaining chemical equilibrium between the solid surface and solution, there is a layer of mobile ions termed as Debye layer that forms near the interface. Hence, by applying electric field to fluid the net charge in the layer gets induced and starts to move resulting in a coulomb force. This force is called electroosmotic flow.

Conclusion

Electroosmotic flow of liquid is caused due to a potential gradient across the capillary tube on the flowing liquid containing dissolved ions. This is caused when the capillary walls get electrically charged due to the application of electric field from outside.

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Answer 5

Chapter 30, Problem 30.1QAP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The meaning of electroosmotic flow and the reason for itsoccurrence needs to be explained.

Concept introduction:

When electric field is applied in a liquid, the ions present in the liquid moves under the influence of potential gradient. This flow of liquid is termed as electroosmotic flow. It is most obvious is those having small channels. It occurs in buffered solutions and natural water.

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 30.1QAP

Electroosmotic flow of liquid is caused by gradient in potential across the capillary tube on the flowing liquid that has dissolved ions. This is caused when the capillary walls get electrically charged.

Explanation of Solution

When a capillary tube is filled with fluid having dissolved ions, and electrical field is applied, the buffer ions move to respond to the electrical charges. As the solvent which is water is neutral, it remains stationary and the fluid ions move towards its electrodes with respect to the charges applied. Below is depiction of movement of electrons:

Principles of Instrumental Analysis, Chapter 30, Problem 30.1QAP

There is coulombic force induced by charges of ions in the solution wherein its net mobile charge causes electroosmotic flow. During this process of maintaining chemical equilibrium between the solid surface and solution, there is a layer of mobile ions termed as Debye layer that forms near the interface. Hence, by applying electric field to fluid the net charge in the layer gets induced and starts to move resulting in a coulomb force. This force is called electroosmotic flow.

Conclusion

Electroosmotic flow of liquid is caused due to a potential gradient across the capillary tube on the flowing liquid containing dissolved ions. This is caused when the capillary walls get electrically charged due to the application of electric field from outside.

Answer 6

Chapter 30, Problem 30.1QAP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The meaning of electroosmotic flow and the reason for itsoccurrence needs to be explained.

Concept introduction:

When electric field is applied in a liquid, the ions present in the liquid moves under the influence of potential gradient. This flow of liquid is termed as electroosmotic flow. It is most obvious is those having small channels. It occurs in buffered solutions and natural water.

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 30.1QAP

Electroosmotic flow of liquid is caused by gradient in potential across the capillary tube on the flowing liquid that has dissolved ions. This is caused when the capillary walls get electrically charged.

Explanation of Solution

When a capillary tube is filled with fluid having dissolved ions, and electrical field is applied, the buffer ions move to respond to the electrical charges. As the solvent which is water is neutral, it remains stationary and the fluid ions move towards its electrodes with respect to the charges applied. Below is depiction of movement of electrons:

Principles of Instrumental Analysis, Chapter 30, Problem 30.1QAP

There is coulombic force induced by charges of ions in the solution wherein its net mobile charge causes electroosmotic flow. During this process of maintaining chemical equilibrium between the solid surface and solution, there is a layer of mobile ions termed as Debye layer that forms near the interface. Hence, by applying electric field to fluid the net charge in the layer gets induced and starts to move resulting in a coulomb force. This force is called electroosmotic flow.

Conclusion

Electroosmotic flow of liquid is caused due to a potential gradient across the capillary tube on the flowing liquid containing dissolved ions. This is caused when the capillary walls get electrically charged due to the application of electric field from outside.

Answer 7

Chapter 30, Problem 30.1QAP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The meaning of electroosmotic flow and the reason for itsoccurrence needs to be explained.

Concept introduction:

When electric field is applied in a liquid, the ions present in the liquid moves under the influence of potential gradient. This flow of liquid is termed as electroosmotic flow. It is most obvious is those having small channels. It occurs in buffered solutions and natural water.

Answer 8

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 30.1QAP

Electroosmotic flow of liquid is caused by gradient in potential across the capillary tube on the flowing liquid that has dissolved ions. This is caused when the capillary walls get electrically charged.

Answer 9

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 10

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 11

Explanation of Solution

When a capillary tube is filled with fluid having dissolved ions, and electrical field is applied, the buffer ions move to respond to the electrical charges. As the solvent which is water is neutral, it remains stationary and the fluid ions move towards its electrodes with respect to the charges applied. Below is depiction of movement of electrons:

Principles of Instrumental Analysis, Chapter 30, Problem 30.1QAP

There is coulombic force induced by charges of ions in the solution wherein its net mobile charge causes electroosmotic flow. During this process of maintaining chemical equilibrium between the solid surface and solution, there is a layer of mobile ions termed as Debye layer that forms near the interface. Hence, by applying electric field to fluid the net charge in the layer gets induced and starts to move resulting in a coulomb force. This force is called electroosmotic flow.

Answer 12

Conclusion

Electroosmotic flow of liquid is caused due to a potential gradient across the capillary tube on the flowing liquid containing dissolved ions. This is caused when the capillary walls get electrically charged due to the application of electric field from outside.

Answer 13

Ch. 30 - Prob. 30.1QAP Ch. 30 - Prob. 30.2QAP Ch. 30 - Prob. 30.3QAP Ch. 30 - Prob. 30.4QAP Ch. 30 - Prob. 30.5QAP Ch. 30 - Prob. 30.6QAP Ch. 30 - Prob. 30.7QAP Ch. 30 - Prob. 30.8QAP Ch. 30 - Prob. 30.9QAP Ch. 30 - Prob. 30.10QAP

Answer to Problem 30.1QAP

Explanation of Solution

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Chapter 30 Solutions