Biology: Life on Earth
10th Edition
ISBN: 9780321729712
Author: Gerald Audesirk, Teresa Audesirk, Bruce E. Byers
Publisher: Benjamin Cummings
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Chapter 3, Problem 8RQ
Where in nature do we find cellulose? Where do we find chitin? In what way(s) are these two
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How is chitin different from cellulose and amylopectin? Compare how these three oligopeptides are similar and different in terms of composition, bonds, structure and cellular roles.
In principle, there are many different, chemically diverse ways in which small molecules can be linked to form polymers. For example, the small molecule ethene (CH2=CH2) is used commercially to make the plastic polyethylene (...–CH2–CH2– CH2–CH2–CH2–...). The individual subunits of the three major classes of biological macromolecules, however, are all linked by similar reaction mechanisms, i.e., by condensation reactions that eliminate water. Can you think of any benefits that this chemistry offers and why it might have been selected in evolution?
What structure(s) contain(s) ribose?
Chapter 3 Solutions
Biology: Life on Earth
Ch. 3 - Fill-in-the-Blank In organic molecules made of...Ch. 3 - 5. Fill in the following with the appropriate type...Ch. 3 - Fill-in-the-Blank Proteins are synthesized by a...Ch. 3 - Fill-in-the-Blank Till in the following with the...Ch. 3 - Fill-in-the-Blank A nucleotide consists of three...Ch. 3 - Prob. 1RQCh. 3 - List the four principal classes of biological...Ch. 3 - What roles do nucleotides play in living...Ch. 3 - Prob. 4RQCh. 3 - Prob. 5RQ
Ch. 3 - Prob. 6RQCh. 3 - Describe the synthesis of a protein from amino...Ch. 3 - Where in nature do we find cellulose? Where do we...Ch. 3 - Which kinds of bonds between keratin molecules are...Ch. 3 - In this chapter, you read that a phospholipid has...Ch. 3 - Prob. 2ACCh. 3 - Some people think that consuming fat and sugar...Ch. 3 - Saliva from infected deer can transmit chronic...Ch. 3 - In an alternate universe where people could digest...
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- Please discuss any two of the structures and functions of these 4 molecules. What do they have in common? How are they different? 1) Cellulose 2) Starch 3) Glycogen 4) Chitinarrow_forwardDo you think that glycerol can be found in all fats? Why? What are Sphingolipids? What is the nature of the emulsion? How does it differ from those of a mixture of coconut oil and water and coconut oil and egg white? Is energy always associated with biochemical processes? How?arrow_forwardTogether, these monomers make up what type of polymer (macromolecule)? List at least three (broad) functions that these macromolecules can perform. What is an example protein that we’ve discussed that uses of these functions? Using R as the side chain, draw the basic structure of an amino acid.arrow_forward
- What are the monomers of these carbohydrate polymers? (Simple sugars) starch: cellulose: glycogen:arrow_forwardFructose, a component of sucrose, and ribose, a component of nucleic acid, have very similar structures. How do they differ?arrow_forwardWhich of the following is a key difference between amylose and cellulose? O amylose is a branched polymer, cellulose is linear amylose contains a(1,4) glycosidic bonds, cellulose contains B(1,4) bonds O amylose contains D-glucose, cellulose contains L-glucose O amylose contains fructose, cellulose contains glucosearrow_forward
- Glycerolphospholipid head groups include coline, ethanolamine, glycerol and serine. Which of these groups can use hydrogen bonding or rather participate in in. And why?arrow_forwardHair is made of protein. The protein is a structural protein called α-keratin, which contains many disulfide (S-S) bridges formed from sulfhydryl functional groups found amongst amino acids radical groups. Based on how the protein folds, the radical groups have opportunities to generate multiple disulfide bridges. The greater the number of disulfide bridges, the more tightly the hair is coiled. Using your knowledge of proteins, write a brief paragraph theocratizing how sodium hydroxide is used in hair products to straighten hairarrow_forwardWhat is the difference between a sphingolipid and a glycosphingolipid? Chemically and functionally?arrow_forward
- The three-dimensional structure of a polypeptide resulting due to bonds between the R groups of side chains is called??arrow_forwardConsider the structure of the tripeptide (in its fully protonated form) below. H H H + I || H₂N-C-C-N-C-C-N-C-C-OH 1 I | H CH₂ H CH₂ CH₂ T C=O OH AA1 0=0 || HC-CH3 CH3 AA2 AA3 0=C 1. Give the sequence of the tripeptide using the ONE-LETTER DESIGNATION (UPPERCASE LETTER) with NO spaces and symbols between each letter. 2. How many ionizable groups are there in the tripeptide? Give the numerical value (e.g., 10 not ten). • pH 10: {Choices: -2, -1, 0, +1, +2} 3. Which amino acid residue has one ionizable group left upon forming the tripeptide? {Choices: AA1, AA2, AA3, none, all} 4. Give the net charge of the dominant structure of the tripeptide at the given pH values. The pK, values of the amino acids are given in Table 1. • pH 4: {Choices: -2, -1, 0, +1, +2}arrow_forwardOne or more of the compounds shown below will satisfy each of the following statements. Not all compounds may be used; some may be used twice. Put the number(s) in the blank. (1) Found in chitin. (2) An L-saccharide. (3) The first residue attached to asparagine in N-linked glycans. (4) A uronic acid. (5) A ketose. CH,OH CoO COO OH H H H H ОН Н но OH OH H OH H HO OH H NHC- CH, Oso, OH (a) (b) (c) CH,OH CH,OH CH,OH C=0 CHOH C=0 H-C- OH CH,OH но -с-н ČH,OH CH,OH (d) (e)arrow_forward
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Macromolecules | Classes and Functions; Author: 2 Minute Classroom;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V5hhrDFo8Vk;License: Standard youtube license