Concept explainers
a.
To determine: The unusual features that distinguishes this pedigree from other pedigree charts.
Introduction. The genes are the sequence of nucleotides that are present on the chromosomes and encode for a specific protein that plays a crucial role in the functioning of the different processes in an organism. The gene is located at specific gene loci and can be structural or regulatory in nature
b.
To determine: The site of mutant DNA responsible for this
Introduction. The mutation is the change in the
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INTRO TO GEN ANALYSIS W/ACHIEVE ACCESS
- Susan’s grandfather was deaf, and passed down a hereditary form of deafness within Susan’s family as shown in Figure Q19–12.A. Is this mutation most likely to be dominant or recessive?B. Is it carried on an autosome or a sex chromosome? Why?C. A complete SNP analysis has been done for all of the 11 grandchildren (4 affected, and 7 unaffected). In comparing these 11 SNP results, how long a haplotype block would you expect to find around the critical gene? How might you detect it?arrow_forwardFriedreich ataxia (FRDA) is an autosomal recessive, neurodegenerative disease that causes a lack of voluntary coordination of muscle movements. Affected individuals are homozygous for an unusually large number (expansion) of repeats of a trinucleotide sequence (GAA) in the first intron of the X25 gene. Unaffected individuals typically have between 7 and 38 repeats of the trinucleotide (GAAGAAGAAGAA…). FRDA patients have anywhere from 66 to over 1,700 repeats. To understand how the GAA trinucleotide expansion leads to FRDA, researchers looked at X25 gene expression by extracting RNA from affected and unaffected patients and doing a northern blot analysis (see the figure below): In panel “a,” the researchers used a probe to detect X25 mRNA. In panel “b,” the researchers used a probe on a duplicate of the original blot to detect human GAPDH mRNA (GAPDH is an enzyme involved in glycolysis). The sample labeled “YR” is mRNA from yeast cells that was used as a control. Explain…arrow_forwarda. Describe two ways you could potentially make atransgene that would inhibit the function of a specific gene in a transgenic organism. (Hint: For oneof these techniques, recall the discussion of RNAinterference in Chapter 17.)b. Discuss how you could use either of these methodsto construct a mouse model for a recessive humangenetic condition associated with a loss of function, such as cystic fibrosis.arrow_forward
- To detect the CAG repeat expansion with a particular gene where 30 repeats in Normal changes to 250 repeats in a certain disease, how can we diagnose the condition. How To identify Y chromosome microdeletion ( which involves the deletion of AZF locus) using conventional karyotyping? If not then why. How will you diagnose a chromosomal translocation event?arrow_forwardPlease consider providing a detailed explanation. Do not copy from previously provided solutionsarrow_forwardThe DNA of every individual in the pedigree shown below has been sequenced at the causative locus. All the non-shaded individuals are wild type apart from III.1. III.1 has been proven to have the causative mutation for this autosomal dominant condition, but they exhibit no symptoms. Based on this small pedigree, what is the level of penetrance for the condition? Please give your answer as a WHOLE percentage, give the number only, no percentage symbol. Answer: The level of penetrance for the condition shown in the pedigree below is Blank 1 percent. 1:1 1:2 Il:1 I1:2 I1:3 Il:4 I1:5 I1:6 II:1 I:2 III:3 III:4 III:3 III:6 III:7 III:8 III:9 III:10 III:11 III12 II:13 III:14 IV:1 | IV:2 IV:3 IV:4 IV:5 IV:6 IV:7 IV:8 IV:9 IV:10 IV:11 IV:12 IV:13 IV:14 IV:15 IV:16 IV:17 IV:18 IV:19 V:1 V:2 V:3 V:4 V:5 V:6 V:7 V:8 V:9 V:10 V:11 V:12arrow_forward
- STEP BY STEP Exaplanation would be appreciated so I can understand for upcomming exam. In humans, the COL1A1 locus codes for a collagen protein found in bone. A recessive COLA1 allele believed to reduce bone density and increase risk of fractures differs from the wild type allele by the presence a GT in the first intron of the gene. This mutation can be easily screened by PCR, using COL1A1-specific primers followed restriction enzyme digest of the product with MscI. The normal allele is denoted as G and the recessive allele as T. A recent study of 894 women found that 570 were GG, 291 were GT and 33 were TT. (Assume for this exercise that these values reflect both male and female values for the sampled population. What are the frequencies of each allele? What are the frequencies of each genotype? c. Is this locus in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium? Use the table below to evaluate the significance of any deviation from H-W expectations.arrow_forwardThe DNA of every individual in the pedigree shown in image B (below) has been sequenced at the causative locus, all the non-shaded individuals are wild type apart from III.1 and III.6. III.1 and III.6 have both been proven to have the causative allele for the condition but they do not exhibit any of the phenotypic signs or symptoms. Based on this pedigree, what is the level of penetrance for the condition? Please give your answer as a percentage to one decimal place, give the number only, no percentage symbol. Given the information above I calculate the level of penetrance seen in image B to be "Blank" 1 percent.arrow_forwardThe DNA of every individual in the pedigree shown in image B (below) has been sequenced at the causative locus, all the non- shaded individuals are wild type apart from III.1 and III.6. III.1 and III.6 have both been proven to have the causative allele for the condition but they do not exhibit any of the phenotypic signs or symptoms. Based on this pedigree, what is the level of penetrance for the condition? Please give your answer as a percentage to one decimal place, give the number only, no percentage symbol. ANSWER: Given the information above I calculate the level of penetrance seen in image B to be Blank 1 percent. A KEY Homozygous Homozygous Heterozygous Heterozygous Wild Type Male Female Male Female Male Note: Completely red symbol denotes an individual exhibiting the phenotype of interest CI || III IV V 1/4 1/2 1/2 1/2 1/2 Wild Type Female 1/4 1/2 Affected Known carrier Affected female Normal female Affected male Normal male D ●●●arrow_forward
- Leber Congenital Amaurosis (LCA) causes progressive vision loss due to defects in the gene that encodes RPE65 isomerase. Affected individuals are homozygous recessive for mutant alleles of the RPE65 gene. You are trying to determine the molecular nature of the mutations in three individuals with LCA. For ease of analysis, you may assume that each individual is homozygous for the same mutant allele (though the three individuals have different mutations than each other). You use the polymerase chain reaction to amplify DNA from each patient and you determine the sequence of the DNA and compare it to unaffected individuals. You identify the following differences. Note that the non-template strand of DNA is given and the changes are highlighted using red boldface. You can assume that the sequences are in the first reading frame (eg. the first three nucleotides of each sequence is a codon). The coding region of the gene is 1602 bp and the position of the sequences shown below is…arrow_forwardA pair of paralogous repeats, A and B, have 96% sequence similarity and therefore can promote non-allelic homologous recombination (NAHR). They exist in four possible arrangements in a genome, illustrated below as arrangements 1 – 4. What is the result of NAHR between repeats A and B in arrangement 1? A.Translocation between chromosomes 1 and 2 resulting in monocentric chromosomes B.Deletion or duplication of the region between A and B C.Translocation between chromosomes 1 and 2 resulting in acentric and dicentric chromosomes D.Inversion of the region between A and Barrow_forwardA diploid human cell contains approximately 6.4 billion base pairs of DNA. a. How many nucleosomes are present in such a cell? (Assume that the linker DNA encompasses 40 bp.) b. How many histone proteins are complexed with this DNA?arrow_forward
- Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Co...BiologyISBN:9781305251052Author:Michael CummingsPublisher:Cengage Learning