Nutrition: Concepts and Controversies
13th Edition
ISBN: 9781133603184
Author: Frances Sizer, Ellie Whitney
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Textbook Question
Chapter 3, Problem 5SC
Hormones
a. are rarely involved in disease processes.
b. are chemical messengers that travel from one system of cells to affect another.
c. are produced and remain inside single cells for intracellular communications.
d. are unaffected by nutrition status of the body.
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A hormone differs from a neurotransmitter in thata. hormones act extracellularly, whereas neurotransmitters act withinthe cell that synthesized them.b. hormones are released only by neurons, whereas neurotransmittersare released by many different types of cells.c. hormones cause only fast responses (seconds or less) to stimuli,whereas neurotransmitters cause slow responses (minutes to hours)to stimuli.d. hormones affect only epithelial cells, whereas neurotransmittersaffect only muscle cells.e. hormones are released into the bloodstream and can activate manycells in many parts of the body, whereas neurotransmitters arereleased by neurons and affect adjacent cells.
A.Where are Epinephrine and Norepinephrine made? (cells, organ)
B.What organ/or cells secrete them? (may differ from site of formation)
C.What stimulates their secretion? Explain negative feedback control of secretion.
D.Where do they work (target)
E.What do they regulate: physiological outcome?
Which of the following statements is truc
a. Neurotransmitters must bind to a receptor to exert an action on a cell but hormones do not have
to bind to a receptor to exert an action
b. The nervous system effects are longer lasting than the endocrine system
c. The nervous system effects are faster to respond than the endocrine system
d. The nervous system releases neurotransmitters into the bloodstream similar to how the
endocrine system releases hormones into the bloodstream
Chapter 3 Solutions
Nutrition: Concepts and Controversies
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- Which of the following statements about hormones is not correct? A. The persistance of a hormone in the blood is usually of short duration.B. The time required for the onset of hormonal effects can vary C. Organ responses to hormones occur as soon as receptors are bound. D. The duration of hormone action is variable.arrow_forwardUnlike the nervous system, the endocrine systema. uses chemical signals as a means of communication.b. helps maintain equilibrium.c. sends messages to target organs.d. changes the metabolism of cells.arrow_forwardWhich of these is not a means by which hormones are eliminatedfrom the circulatory system?a. excreted into urine or bileb. bound to binding proteinsc. enzymatically degraded in the blood (metabolism)d. actively transported into cellse. conjugated with sulfate or glucuronic acidarrow_forward
- which of the following happens when a therapeutic synthetic homone is introduced intno the body to treat patients natural hormone insufficiency?(select all that apply) A. The target cell responds the same way as when the hormone is natural B. the synthetic hormone has no effect on the target tissues C. the amount of natural hormone produced by the patients body declines D. the synthetic hormone is destroyed before it can have an effect on the target tissue.arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements comparing the endocrine system and the nervous system is false? a. The endocrine system can reach almost all living cells. b. The endocrine system and the nervous system never interact with each other. c. Nervous system control is faster than endocrine control. d. Both systems can be considered as systems of communication.arrow_forwardConcerning the half-life of hormones,a. lipid-soluble hormones generally have a longer half-life.b. hormones with a shorter half-life regulate activities with a slowonset and long duration.c. hormones with a shorter half-life are maintained at more constantlevels in the blood.d. lipid-soluble hormones are degraded rapidly by enzymes in the circulatory system.e. water-soluble hormones usually bind to plasma proteins.arrow_forward
- When a catecholamine or peptide hormone binds to receptors on the surface of a cell, A. The hormone is transported to the nucleus where it alters the activity of dna. B. The cell membrane becomes less permeable. C. The cell becomes inactive. D. A second messenger appears in the cytoplasm.arrow_forwardThe endocrine system: A. All of the answers are correct B. Releases hormones that affect the metabolic activities of different tissues and organs C. Releases chemicals into the circulatory system for distribution throughout the body D. Produces effects that can last for hours, days and even longer E. Functions to control ongoing metabolic processesarrow_forwardchemical messengers that are synthesized in response to a local stimulus and diffuse to neighboring target cells are a. autocrine b. paracrine c. neurotransmitters d. hormonesarrow_forward
- Which of the following best describes hormones? a. Hormones are relatively unstable and work only in the area adjacent to the gland that produced them. b. Hormones are long-lasting chemicals released from glands. c. All hormones are lipid-soluble. d. Hormones are chemical messengers that are released into the environment.arrow_forwardWhich of the following is not a function of the endocrine system? A. Contributes to homeostatic feedback loops. B. Produces quick effects through electrochemical mechanisms. Shy C. Alters the metabolic activities of many different target tissues and organs. D. Releases chemicals into the bloodstream for distribution throughout the body.arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements about steroid and non-steroid hormones is false?a. Non-steroid hormones typically act through second messengers such as cAMP.b. Non-steroid hormones are not lipid soluble and cannot enter the target cell.c. Steroid hormones act usually slower than non-steroid hormones.d. Cortisol and aldosterone are non-steroid hormones that are produced by the cortex of the adrenal glandarrow_forward
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