Human Biology (MindTap Course List)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781305112100
Author: Cecie Starr, Beverly McMillan
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Textbook Question
Chapter 15, Problem 1RQ
Distinguish among hormones, neurotransmitters, local signaling molecules, and pheromones.
Expert Solution & Answer
Summary Introduction
To distinguish: Among hormones, neurotransmitters, local signaling molecules, and pheromones.
Introduction The endocrine system is the chemical signaling system that uses blood vessels as information channels. The endocrine glands are ductless organs located within the organ systems and contain groups of endocrine cells that secrete their hormones directly into their surroundings.
Explanation of Solution
The differences among hormones, neurotransmitters, local signaling molecules, and pheromones are as follows:
Criteria | Hormones | Neurotransmitter | Local signaling molecules | Pheromones |
Range | Long | Single cell ranged | Short distance | Long distance |
Route to target cells | It is carried by blood to target cells. | It is released at the synapses present between neurons and target cells. | It is released in tissues and diffuses to target cells. | It is produced and released into the environment by an animal and reach target cells in another individual. |
Example | Insulin | Adrenocorticotropic hormone |
Morphogen | Androstenol |
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Students have asked these similar questions
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Which of the following statements about endocrine signalling hormones is TRUE?
a) They are only soluble in lipids.
b) In vertebrates, they are only transported through the blood circulatory system.
c) They include a group of chemicals known as pheromones.
d) Each hormone can react with only one specific receptor type.
e) They are also involved in synaptic signalling.
Which of the following observations can be explained by the properties of hormone receptors?
a) A certain tissue can react to more than one hormone
b) A certain hormone affects only a specific tissue, not all tissues
c) Some tissues react very quickly to a certain hormone, other tissues take many hours to react to the same hormone
Please give the answers only
Chapter 15 Solutions
Human Biology (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 15 - Distinguish among hormones, neurotransmitters,...Ch. 15 - A hormone molecule binds to a receptor on a cell...Ch. 15 - Which hormones produced in the posterior and...Ch. 15 - Prob. 4RQCh. 15 - Give two examples of feedback control of hormone...Ch. 15 - __________ are molecules released from a signaling...Ch. 15 - Hormones are produced by ______________. a....Ch. 15 - ADH and oxytocin are hypothalamic hormones...Ch. 15 - _______ has effects on body tissues in general. a....Ch. 15 - Which of the following stimulate the secretion of...
Ch. 15 - _________lowers blood sugar levels; ____________...Ch. 15 - The pituitary detects a rising hormone...Ch. 15 - Second messengers assist _________. a. steroid...Ch. 15 - Match the hormone source with the closest...Ch. 15 - Match the endocrine control concepts.Ch. 15 - Addisons disease develops when the adrenal cortex...Ch. 15 - A physician sees a patient whose symptoms include...Ch. 15 - Prob. 3CTCh. 15 - Secretion of the hormone ADH may decrease or stop...
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- Which of the statements is/are incorrect for hormones? 1) Hormones are non-nutrient chemicals serving as intercellular messengers. 2) Hormones are molecules of low molecular weight and are produced in traces. 3) Hormones give energy and also effect metabolism and growth activities of target cells. 4) Many hormones are produced in inactive form.arrow_forwardGive two examples of hormones (including their glands of origin and action) that play major roles in homeostatic process in the body?arrow_forwardDescribe intracellular receptors, using estrogen receptors as anexamplearrow_forward
- The ability of a specific tissue or organ to respond to the presence of a hormone is dependent on a) the location of the tissue or organ with respect to the circulatory path O b) the membrane potential of the cells of the target organ c) the presence of the appropriate receptors on the cells of the target tissue or organarrow_forwardWhich of the following is a true statement? A.) the hormone FSH requires a second messenger system to elicit a cellular response B.) prohormones are modified before they become active C.) the combined effects of two hormones would be greater than their individual effects if they synergize by additivity D.) a hormone can influence its own action on the target cell through priming E.) all of the abovearrow_forwardAfter reading about hormones, please write a paragraph: What could happen to hormone function if target cells receptors are structurally incorrect?arrow_forward
- Virtually all of the protein or amino acid-based hormones exert their effects through an intracellular O a) ions O b) deactivators c) receptors O d) second messengers Ston sharing Hidearrow_forwardWhich of the choices listed below is the correct order of events for the action of lipid-soluble hormones? O Hormone diffuses across cell membrane, hormone binds to receptors, translation of new protein, transcription of mRNA, cell's activity is altered. O Hormone binds to DNA, hormone binds to receptors, cell activity is altered, transcription, and translation. O Hormone diffuses across cell membrane, binds to receptors, receptors bind to DNA, transcription of mRNA, translation of new protein, cell's activity is altered. O Hormone binds to receptor, translation of protein, gene expression is turned on, cell's activity is altered. Save for Later Attempts: 0 of 3 used FB Submit Answerarrow_forwardPlease choose the most correct statement only.arrow_forward
- List the major categories of hormones on the basis of their chemical structure. Describe how hormones interact with tissues to produce a response. Describe three methods of regulating the release of hormones.arrow_forwardPlease provide the correct answer and explain why the other options are incorrectarrow_forwardWhich of the following are ways in which hormones exert their effects? - by controlling the rates of enzymatic reactions - by controlling changes in gene transcription - by activating postsynaptic receptors and generating EPSPs in hypothalamic neurons - by controlling the transport of ions across a cell membranearrow_forward
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