Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis
Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis
5th Edition
ISBN: 9781305115347
Author: Roxy Peck; Chris Olsen; Jay L. Devore
Publisher: Brooks Cole
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Chapter 3, Problem 52CR

a.

To determine

Construct a comparative bar chart for the data using relative frequencies.

a.

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 52CR

The comparative bar chart is given below:

Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis, Chapter 3, Problem 52CR

Explanation of Solution

Calculation:

The data represents the responses regarding the perceived harm of smoking for the groups smokers, former smokers, and nonsmokers.

The general formula for the relative frequency is as follows:

RelativeFrequency = FrequencyTotal frequency

Substitute the frequency for the responses as “vary harmful” and the total frequency for smokers as “241” in relative frequency.

RelativeFrequencyfor the response very harmful for smokers=145241=0.602

Relative frequencies for the remaining responses are obtained below:

Perceived Risk of Smoking                      Relative Frequency
SmokersFormer SmokersNonsmokers
Very harmful145241=0.602204261=0.782432502=0.861
Somewhat harmful72241=0.29942261=0.16150502=0.100
Not too harmful145241=0.07110261=0.03815502=0.030
Not at all harmful7241=0.0295261=0.0195502=0.010

Software procedure:

Step-by-step procedure to draw comparative bar graph using MINITAB software:

  • Choose Graph > Bar Chart
  • From Bars represent, choose Values from a table.
  • Under Two-way table, choose Cluster. Click OK.
  • In Graph variables, enter the column of Smokers, Former Smokers, and Nonsmokers.
  • In Row labels, enter the column of 'Risk of smoking'.
  • In Table Arrangement, choose Rows are outermost categories and columns are innermost.
  • Click OK.

b.

To determine

Comment on how smokers, former smokers, and nonsmokers differ with respect to perceived risk of smoking.

b.

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Explanation of Solution

From the comparative bar chart, it is observed that, most number of non-smokers have the belief that smoking is very harmful. For other three groups, the difference between the believes of smokers, non-smokers, and former smokers are almost same and the frequency is very less.

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Chapter 3 Solutions

Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis

Ch. 3.1 - Prob. 11ECh. 3.1 - Prob. 12ECh. 3.1 - An article about college loans (New Rules Would...Ch. 3.1 - Prob. 14ECh. 3.2 - Prob. 15ECh. 3.2 - Prob. 16ECh. 3.2 - Prob. 17ECh. 3.2 - The article Economy Low, Generosity High (USA...Ch. 3.2 - Prob. 19ECh. 3.2 - A report from Texas Transportation Institute...Ch. 3.2 - The percentage of teens not in school or working...Ch. 3.3 - Prob. 22ECh. 3.3 - The accompanying data on annual maximum wind speed...Ch. 3.3 - The accompanying relative frequency table is based...Ch. 3.3 - Prob. 25ECh. 3.3 - Medicares new medical plans offer a wide range of...Ch. 3.3 - The following two relative frequency distributions...Ch. 3.3 - Prob. 28ECh. 3.3 - The report Trends in College Pricing 2012...Ch. 3.3 - An exam is given to students in an introductory...Ch. 3.3 - The accompanying frequency distribution summarizes...Ch. 3.3 - Example 3.19 used annual rainfall data for...Ch. 3.3 - Prob. 33ECh. 3.3 - Prob. 34ECh. 3.3 - Prob. 35ECh. 3.3 - Prob. 36ECh. 3.3 - Using the five class intervals 100 to 120, 120 to...Ch. 3.4 - Prob. 38ECh. 3.4 - Consumer Reports Health (consumerreports.org) gave...Ch. 3.4 - Prob. 40ECh. 3.4 - Prob. 41ECh. 3.4 - Prob. 42ECh. 3.4 - Prob. 43ECh. 3.4 - Prob. 44ECh. 3.4 - The accompanying time series plot of movie box...Ch. 3.5 - The accompanying comparative bar chart is similar...Ch. 3.5 - Prob. 47ECh. 3.5 - The figure at the top right of the next page is...Ch. 3.5 - The two graphical displays below are similar to...Ch. 3.5 - The following graphical display is similar to one...Ch. 3.5 - Explain why the following graphical display...Ch. 3 - Prob. 52CRCh. 3 - Prob. 53CRCh. 3 - Prob. 54CRCh. 3 - The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station...Ch. 3 - The stem-and-leaf display of Exercise 3.55 uses...Ch. 3 - Prob. 57CRCh. 3 - Prob. 58CRCh. 3 - Does the size of a transplanted organ matter? A...Ch. 3 - Prob. 60CRCh. 3 - Prob. 61CRCh. 3 - Prob. 62CRCh. 3 - The article Tobacco and Alcohol Use in G-Rated...Ch. 3 - Prob. 64CRCh. 3 - Prob. 65CRCh. 3 - Prob. 66CRCh. 3 - Prob. 67CRCh. 3 - Prob. 68CRCh. 3 - Prob. 69CRCh. 3 - Many nutritional experts have expressed concern...Ch. 3 - Americium 241 (241Am) is a radioactive material...Ch. 3 - Does eating broccoli reduce the risk of prostate...Ch. 3 - An article that appeared in USA TODAY (August 11,...Ch. 3 - Sometimes samples are composed entirely of...Ch. 3 - Prob. 4CRECh. 3 - More than half of Californias doctors say they are...Ch. 3 - Based on observing more than 400 drivers in the...Ch. 3 - An article from the Associated Press (May 14,...Ch. 3 - Prob. 8CRECh. 3 - Prob. 9CRECh. 3 - Prob. 10CRECh. 3 - The article Determination of Most Representative...Ch. 3 - The paper Lessons from Pacemaker Implantations...Ch. 3 - How does the speed of a runner vary over the...Ch. 3 - Prob. 14CRECh. 3 - One factor in the development of tennis elbow, a...Ch. 3 - An article that appeared in USA TODAY (September...
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