Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap Course List)
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781285866932
Author: Lauralee Sherwood
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 3, Problem 4TAHL
Summary Introduction
To analyze:
Whether membrane potential becomes more negative or more positive if the membrane were more permeable to sodium ion than potassium ion in comparison to resting potential.
Introduction:
An unequal distribution of ion within and beyond the cell and the distinct permeability of the membrane to distinct ion kinds determine the resting membranes capacity. The level of potassium ions is higher within the cell. In contrast, the level of sodium ions outside the cell is greater. Therefore, there are stable concentration gradients across the membrane for all of the most abundant ion kinds.
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Chapter 3 Solutions
Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 3.1 - Draw how phospholipid molecules align themselves...Ch. 3.1 - Prob. 2CYUCh. 3.1 - Prob. 3CYUCh. 3.2 - Prob. 1CYUCh. 3.2 - Prob. 2CYUCh. 3.2 - Prob. 3CYUCh. 3.3 - Prob. 1CYUCh. 3.3 - Distinguish between passive and active forces that...Ch. 3.4 - List the means of unassisted membrane transport.Ch. 3.4 - Prob. 2CYU
Ch. 3.4 - Prob. 3CYUCh. 3.5 - Draw a graph comparing simple diffusion down a...Ch. 3.5 - Describe what causes the carrier to change shape...Ch. 3.5 - Distinguish between symport and antiport.Ch. 3.6 - Prob. 1CYUCh. 3.6 - Describe the relative contributions of k+ and Na+...Ch. 3.6 - Prob. 3CYUCh. 3 - The nonpolar tails of the phospholipid molecules...Ch. 3 - Prob. 2RECh. 3 - Prob. 3RECh. 3 - At resting membrane potential, there is a slight...Ch. 3 - Using the answer code on the right, indicate which...Ch. 3 - Prob. 6RECh. 3 - Prob. 7RECh. 3 - Prob. 1UCCh. 3 - Prob. 2UCCh. 3 - What two properties of a particle influence...Ch. 3 - Prob. 4UCCh. 3 - Prob. 5UCCh. 3 - Prob. 6UCCh. 3 - Describe the contribution of each of the following...Ch. 3 - Using the Nernst equation, calculate the...Ch. 3 - One of the important uses of the Nernst equation...Ch. 3 - Using the Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz equation, determine...Ch. 3 - When William H. was helping victims after a...Ch. 3 - Which of the following methods of transport is...Ch. 3 - Assume that a membrane permeable to Na+ but not to...Ch. 3 - A solution may have the same osmolarity as normal...Ch. 3 - Prob. 4TAHLCh. 3 - Prob. 5TAHL
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- Conformational changes in channel proteins brought about by voltage changes are responsible for opening and closing Na+ and K+ gates during the generation of an action potential. (True or false?)arrow_forwardThe accelerating flow of _______ ions through gated channels across the membrane triggers an action potential. a. potassium b. sodium c. hydrogen d. a and barrow_forwardDescribe the contribution of each of the following to establishing and maintaining membrane potential: (a) the Na+K+ pump, (b) passive movement of K+ across the membrane, (c) passive movement of Na+ across the membrane, and (d) the large intracellular anions.arrow_forward
- What is electrical potential? Describe two reasons that the resting membrane potential is negative. What is the role of the Na+/K+ pump?arrow_forwardWhat is the equilibrium membrane potential due to Na+ ions if the extracellular concentration of Na+ ions is 154 mM and the intracellular concentration of Na+ ions is 27 mM at 20 ∘C ? Please answer asap and in short and content should not be palgarised pleasearrow_forwardExplain why alterations in potassium concentrations have more powerful effects on membrane resting potentials than alterations in sodium ionsarrow_forward
- Compare the resting membrane potential of a neuron with the potassium and sodium equilibrium potentials. Explain how this comparison relates to the relative permeabilities of the resting plasma membrane to these two ions.arrow_forwardHyperkalemia is a condition by which ECF potassium levels become too high (usually due to kidney failure). Consider the following questions about the consequence of hyperkalemia on membrane potential. How would hyperkalemia affect EK? Considering your answer to the previous question, how would hyperkalemia affect membrane potential?arrow_forwardDescribe the action potential in terms of the different functional states of the voltage- gated Na+ membrane channels (Note: there are three states)arrow_forward
- Describe the ion movement across the cell membrane during the following stages: resting potential, threshold potential, depolarization, repolarization.arrow_forwardWhat is the equilibrium membrane potential due to Na+ ions if the extracellular concentration of Na+ ions is 154 mM and the intracellular concentration of Na+ ions is 23 mM at 20 ∘C ?arrow_forwardDescribe how the magnitude and polarity of the sodium and potassium membrane currents vary with the amplitude of membrane depolarizationarrow_forward
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