Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation: The initiation, propagation and termination step of treatment of methane with hydrogen peroxide should be written and
Concept introduction:Thermodynamics is a study of energy transfers that can be done by either heat or work. The energy transferred through work involves force. When work is positive then system gains energy while when work is negative then system loses energy. Heat is not a state function and therefore change in enthalpy of reaction
(b)
Interpretation: The value of
Concept introduction:Thermodynamics is a study of energy transfers that can be done by either heat or work. The energy transferred through work involves force. When work is positive, the system gains energy while when work is negative then system loses energy. Heat is not a state function and therefore change in enthalpy of reaction
(c)
Interpretation: The value of
Concept introduction:Hammond postulate states that exothermic reactions are characterized by early transition states that resemble the structure of substrate more than the product. Slow or endothermic processes are characterized by late transition states that resemble the almost formed bonds as in the products.
(d)
Interpretation: The reaction that is faster among reaction of methane with chlorine or peroxide should be identified.
Concept introduction:Hammond postulate states that exothermic reactions are characterized by early transition states that resemble the structure of substrate more than the product. Slow or endothermic processes are characterized by late transition states that resemble the almost formed bonds as in the products.The energy profile diagram relates the barrier required to attain a transition state as illustrated below:
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Chapter 3 Solutions
Organic Chemistry: Structure and Function
- Photochemical smog is formed in part by the action of light on nitrogen dioxide. The wavelength of radiation absorbed by NO2 in this reaction is 197 nm.(a) Draw the Lewis structure of NO2 and sketch its π molecular orbitals.(b) When 1.56 mJ of energy is absorbed by 3.0 L of air at 20 °C and 0.91 atm, all the NO2 molecules in this sample dissociate by the reaction shown. Assume that each absorbed photon leads to the dissociation (into NO and O) of one NO2 molecule. What is the proportion, in parts per million, of NO2 molecules in this sample? Assume that the sample behaves ideally.arrow_forwardCorrect each molecule in the drawing area below so that it has the skeletal ("line") structure it would have if it were dissolved in a 0.1 M aqueous solution of HCI. If there are no changes to be made, check the No changes box under the drawing area. No changes. HO Explanation Check NH, 2 W O :□ G ©2025 M unter Accessibilityarrow_forwardAn expression for the root mean square velocity, vrms, of a gas was derived. Using Maxwell’s velocity distribution, one can also calculate the mean velocity and the most probable velocity (mp) of a collection of molecules. The equations used for these two quantities are vmean=(8RT/πM)1/2 and vmp=(2RT/M)1/2 These values have a fixed relationship to each other.(a) Arrange these three quantities in order of increasing magnitude.(b) Show that the relative magnitudes are independent of the molar mass of the gas.(c) Use the smallest velocity as a reference for establishing the order of magnitude and determine the relationship between the larger and smaller values.arrow_forward
- The reaction of solid dimethylhydrazine, (CH3)2N2H2, and liquefied dinitrogen tetroxide, N2O4, has been investigated for use as rocket fuel. The reaction produces the gases carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrogen (N2), and water vapor (H2O), which are ejected in the exhaust gases. In a controlled experiment, solid dimethylhydrazine was reacted with excess dinitrogen tetroxide, and the gases were collected in a closed balloon until a pressure of 2.50 atm and a temperature of 400.0 K were reached.(a) What are the partial pressures of CO2, N2, and H2O?(b) When the CO2 is removed by chemical reaction, what are the partial pressures of the remaining gases?arrow_forwardOne liter of chlorine gas at 1 atm and 298 K reacts completely with 1.00 L of nitrogen gas and 2.00 L of oxygen gas at the same temperature and pressure. A single gaseous product is formed, which fills a 2.00 L flask at 1.00 atm and 298 K. Use this information to determine the following characteristics of the product:(a) its empirical formula;(b) its molecular formula;(c) the most favorable Lewis formula based on formal charge arguments (the central atom is N);(d) the shape of the molecule.arrow_forwardHow does the square root mean square velocity of gas molecules vary with temperature? Illustrate this relationship by plotting the square root mean square velocity of N2 molecules as a function of temperature from T=100 K to T=300 K.arrow_forward
- Draw product B, indicating what type of reaction occurs. F3C CF3 NH2 Me O .N. + B OMearrow_forwardBenzimidazole E. State its formula. sState the differences in the formula with other benzimidazoles.arrow_forwardDraw product A, indicating what type of reaction occurs. F3C CN CF3 K2CO3, DMSO, H₂O2 Aarrow_forward
- 19) Which metal is most commonly used in galvanization to protect steel structures from oxidation? Lead a. b. Tin C. Nickel d. Zinc 20) The following molecule is an example of a: R₁ R2- -N-R3 a. Secondary amine b. Secondary amide c. Tertiary amine d. Tertiary amidearrow_forwardpls helparrow_forwardIndicate the product of the reaction OH OH CH3-CC- Ph + H2SO4 a 20°C | CH3 Pharrow_forward
Organic ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305580350Author:William H. Brown, Brent L. Iverson, Eric Anslyn, Christopher S. FootePublisher:Cengage Learning