Organic Chemistry: Structure and Function
Organic Chemistry: Structure and Function
8th Edition
ISBN: 9781319079451
Author: K. Peter C. Vollhardt, Neil E. Schore
Publisher: W. H. Freeman
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Chapter 3, Problem 39P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The initiation, propagation and termination step of treatment of methane with hydrogen peroxide should be written and ΔH° should be calculated for each step.

Concept introduction:Thermodynamics is a study of energy transfers that can be done by either heat or work. The energy transferred through work involves force. When work is positive then system gains energy while when work is negative then system loses energy. Heat is not a state function and therefore change in enthalpy of reaction (ΔH°rxn) has been introduced. The formula to calculate ΔH° from bond dissociation of reactants and products is as follows:

  ΔH°=Sum of DH° of bonds brokenSum of DH° of bonds formed

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The value of ΔH° for overall of methane with hydrogen peroxideshould be calculated.

Concept introduction:Thermodynamics is a study of energy transfers that can be done by either heat or work. The energy transferred through work involves force. When work is positive, the system gains energy while when work is negative then system loses energy. Heat is not a state function and therefore change in enthalpy of reaction (ΔH°rxn) has been introduced. The formula to calculate ΔH° from bond dissociation of reactants and products is as follows:

  ΔH°=Sum of DH° of bonds brokenSum of DH° of bonds formed

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The value of ΔH° obtained with peroxide should be compared to values of ΔH° in case of chlorination of methane.

Concept introduction:Hammond postulate states that exothermic reactions are characterized by early transition states that resemble the structure of substrate more than the product. Slow or endothermic processes are characterized by late transition states that resemble the almost formed bonds as in the products.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The reaction that is faster among reaction of methane with chlorine or peroxide should be identified.

Concept introduction:Hammond postulate states that exothermic reactions are characterized by early transition states that resemble the structure of substrate more than the product. Slow or endothermic processes are characterized by late transition states that resemble the almost formed bonds as in the products.The energy profile diagram relates the barrier required to attain a transition state as illustrated below:

  Organic Chemistry: Structure and Function, Chapter 3, Problem 39P

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