Chapter 3, Problem 3.1P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation: The reaction of ${\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}\text{OH}$ and ${\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}$ with ${\text{H}}_{\text{2}}{\text{SO}}_{\text{4}}$ to be shown.

Concept introduction: An atom or a group of atoms that shows characteristic physical and chemical properties are collectively known as functional groups. The functional group is the most reactive part present in the molecule. The main functional groups are $\text{OH}$ (alcohol group), $\text{COOH(carboxylic acid group)}$, $\text{CHO}\left(\text{aldehyde}\text{group)}\right)$ and $\text{C=O}\left(\text{ketone}\text{group}\right)$.

According to Bronsted-Lowry theory, the species that can easily accept the proton is known as base and the species that can easily donate the proton is known as acid. The reaction of an acid with a base always leads to the formation of conjugate acid and base.

Answer to Problem 3.1P

The reaction of ${\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}\text{OH}$ with ${\text{H}}_{\text{2}}{\text{SO}}_{\text{4}}$ gives conjugate acid and conjugate base as the desired major product whereas the reaction of ${\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}$ with ${\text{H}}_{\text{2}}{\text{SO}}_{\text{4}}$ does not form any product.

Explanation of Solution

The reaction of ${\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}\text{OH}$ with ${\text{H}}_{\text{2}}{\text{SO}}_{\text{4}}$ is given as,

Figure 1

The reaction of ethanol $\left({\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}\text{OH}\right)$ with sulfuric acid $\left({\text{H}}_{\text{2}}{\text{SO}}_{\text{4}}\right)$ results in the formation of conjugate acid and conjugate base as the desired products. The reaction of an acid with base containing $\text{OH}$ group leads to the formation of conjugate acid and conjugate base.

The reaction of ${\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}$ with ${\text{H}}_{\text{2}}{\text{SO}}_{\text{4}}$ is given as,

${\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}+{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}{\text{SO}}_{\text{4}}\to \text{No}\text{reaction}$

The reaction of ethane $\left({\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}\right)$ with sulfuric acid $\left({\text{H}}_{\text{2}}{\text{SO}}_{\text{4}}\right)$ does not form any product because ethane is a non-polar compound that does not contain any charge.

Conclusion

The reaction of ${\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}\text{OH}$ with ${\text{H}}_{\text{2}}{\text{SO}}_{\text{4}}$ conjugate acid and conjugate base as the desired major product as shown above whereas the reaction of ${\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}$ with ${\text{H}}_{\text{2}}{\text{SO}}_{\text{4}}$ does not form any product.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation: The reaction of ${\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}\text{OH}$ and ${\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}$ with $\text{NaH}$ to be shown.

Concept introduction: An atom or a group of atoms that shows characteristic physical and chemical properties are collectively known as functional groups. The functional group is the most reactive part present in the molecule. The main functional groups are $\text{OH}$ (alcohol group), $\text{COOH(carboxylic acid group)}$, $\text{CHO}\left(\text{aldehyde}\text{group)}\right)$ and $\text{C=O}\left(\text{ketone}\text{group}\right)$.

According to Bronsted-Lowry theory, the species that easily tends to accept the proton is known as base and the species that easily donate the proton is known as acid. The reaction of an acid with a base always leads to the formation of conjugate acid and base.

Answer to Problem 3.1P

The reaction of ${\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}\text{OH}$ with $\text{NaH}$ forms ethoxide ion, ${\text{Na}}^{+}$ ion and ${\text{H}}_{\text{2}}$ as shown below whereas the reaction of ${\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}$ with $\text{NaH}$ does not form any product.

Explanation of Solution

The reaction of ${\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}\text{OH}$ with $\text{NaH}$ is given as,

Figure 2

The reaction of ethanol $\left({\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}\text{OH}\right)$ with sodium hydride $\left(\text{NaH}\right)$ results in the formation of ethoxide ion, ${\text{Na}}^{+}$ ion and ${\text{H}}_{\text{2}}$ as the desired products.

The reaction of ${\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}$ with $\text{NaH}$ is given as,

${\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}+\text{NaH}\to \text{No}\text{reaction}$

The reaction of ethane $\left({\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}\right)$ with sodium hydride $\left(\text{NaH}\right)$ does not form any product because ethane is a non-polar compound that does not contain any charge.

Conclusion

The reaction of ${\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}\text{OH}$ with $\text{NaH}$ forms ethoxide ion, ${\text{Na}}^{+}$ ion and ${\text{H}}_{\text{2}}$ as shown above whereas the reaction of ${\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}$ with $\text{NaH}$ does not form any product.