In a gaseous RbF molecule, the bond length is
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Chapter 3 Solutions
Student Solutions Manual for Oxtoby/Gillis/Butler's Principles of Modern Chemistry, 8th
- Plot the Coulomb potential due to the nuclei at a point in a Na+Cl− ion pair located on a line halfway between the nuclei (the internuclear separation is 283 pm) as the point approaches from infinity and ends at the mid-point between the nuclei.arrow_forwardGive the ground-state electron configurations and bond orders of(i) F2−, (ii) N2, and (iii) O22−.arrow_forwardThe following observations are made about two hypotheticalelements A and B: The A¬A and B¬B bond lengths in theelemental forms of A and B are 2.36 and 1.94 Å, respectively.A and B react to form the binary compound AB2, which hasa linear structure (that is ∠B-A-B = 180°). Based on thesestatements, predict the separation between the two B nucleiin a molecule of AB2.arrow_forward
- The potential energy function for either one of the two atoms in a diatomic molecule is often approximated by U(x) a b = x22 x11 where x is the distance between the atoms. a. At what distance of separation does the potential energy have a local minimum (not at x = Express your answer algebraically. xmin b. What is the force on an atom at this separation? F(x = 2min)= N ∞)?arrow_forwardAt large interatomic separations, an alkali halide moleculeMX has a lower energy as two neutral atoms, M + X; atshort separations, the ionic form (M+)(X-) has a lowerenergy. At a certain distance, Rc, the energies of the twoforms become equal, and it is near this distance that theelectron will jump from the metal to the halogen atom during a collision. Because the forces between neutral atomsare weak at large distances, a reasonably good approximation can be made by ignoring any variation in potentialV(R) for the neutral atoms between Rc and R - `. For theions in this distance range, V(R) is dominated by theirCoulomb attraction.(a) Express Rc for the first ionization energy of the metalM and the electron affinity of the halogen X.(b) Calculate Rc for LiF, KBr, and NaCl using data fromAppendix F.arrow_forwardConsider the molecular hydrogen dimer, HCl···HCl. Suppose that the bond stretching is described using harmonic potentials, and that the van der Waals interactions between non-bonded atoms are described by Lennard-Jones potential. Write the expression of the interatomic forcefield describing the energy of HCl···HCl.arrow_forward
- If the bond in the AB molecule is considered 100% ionic, the absolute value of the partial charge would be equal to the electron charge (1.602 x 10-19 C). If the distance between A and B atoms is taken as 10-10 m (1Å), the dipole moment between two elementary charges of opposite sign at atomic magnitude (1Å) distance between them is = 1.602x10-19 C x 10-10 m = 1.602 x 10- It is available in 29 Cm (or 4.8 x 10-18 esbcm). Dipole moment is given by debye (D) and 1D = 3.34x10-30 Cm (or 1D = 10-18 esbcm) (esb = electrostatic unit). 1. As can be seen, when the HCl covalent molecule is considered ionic and the bond length is 1.27x10-10 m, calculate the dipole moment. The experimental dipole moment of an HCl polar option is = 1.03 D. Calculate the value character of the H-Cl bond according to the bulletin. How many% covalent is the bond, how many% is ionic? Specifyarrow_forwardWithout consulting tables of data, on the same graph sketch the effective potential energy curves for H2 and He+2.arrow_forward2. Using the ionization energy of H 1s and CI 3p electrons of 13.6 eV and 13.1 eV, respectively, calculate the (a) energies and (b) compositions of the bonding and antibonding orbitals of HCI. (Use aH = -13.6 eV and acı = -13.1 eV.) Use B=-1.0 eV and S=0.arrow_forward
- Without consulting tables of data, predict which species has the greater bond length, H2 or He+2.arrow_forwardMany of the colours of vegetation are due to electronic transit ions in conjugated π-electron systems. In the freeelectron molecular orbital (FEMO) theory. the electrons in a conjugated molecule are treated as independent particles in a box of length L. (a) Sketch the form of the two occupied orbitals in butadiene predicted by this model and predict the minimum excitation energy of the molecule. (b) In many cases. an extra half bond-length is often added at each end of the box. The tetraene CH2=CHCH=CHCH=CHCH=CH2 can therefore be t reated as a box of length 8R. where R = 140 pm. Ca lcu late the minimum excitation energy of the molecule and sketch the HOMO and LUMO.arrow_forwardGive the ground-state electron configurations of (i) XeF, (ii) PN, and (iii) SO−.arrow_forward
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