To review:
The importance of polar and nonpolar groups in the structures of lipids, proteins, and
Introduction:
Lipids are insoluble in water and mostly nonpolar in nature. These are of three basic types, namely: neutral lipids, phospholipids, and steroids. Nucleic acids are biomolecules formed by
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Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
- Protein structures have several different levels of organization. In the space below indicate the type of molecular bonds that can contribute to each level of organization: primary- secondary- tertiary- quarternary-arrow_forwardHydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions play important roles in stabilizing and organizing biological macromolecules. Describe how hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions affect the form and function of proteins.arrow_forwardA mutation leads to a change in amino acid from valine, an amino acid with a nonpolar side chain, to aspartic acid, an amino acid with a polar, negatively-charged side chain. Do you think that the following levels of protein structure change? If so, how and why? If not, why not? Please frame your answer in terms of chemical bonds and interactions. (primary structure, secondary structure, tertiary structure, quartenary structure)arrow_forward
- a) Describe the structure of cholesterol and state the function in the cell membrane component. b) Describe the structure of a phospholipid and state its function in the cell membrane.arrow_forwardA) Briefly describe the basic structure of phospholipids and explain how they can provide an effective barrier against the unregulated movement of molecules into or out of cells. B) Not all phospholipids are identical to one another. Describe two components (parts) of that can be altered to create variation between different phospholipids.arrow_forwardDescribe the four levels of protein structure and what kind of forces create each level of structure?arrow_forward
- Please describe the characteristics of a phospholipid molecule. Where is the molecule foundarrow_forwardIn Protein structure: a). Write the name of the four levels of protein structure, b). Explain the structural characteristics at each level,arrow_forwardPhysical methods are often used to determine protein conformation. Describe how x-ray crystallography, cryoelectron microscopy, and NMR spectroscopy can be used to determine the shapes of proteins. What are the advantages and disadvantages of each method? Which is better for small proteins? Large proteins? Huge macromolecular assemblies?arrow_forward
- arrange the following lipids in order of decreasing polarity: cholesterol, triglyceride, estradiol, fatty acid, phosphatidyl cholinearrow_forwardMacromolecules are very large molecules created by the polymerization of small units called monomers. Most of the macromolecules are present in everyday life, for instance in food. In the Introduction to Food Macromolecules simulation, you will help your friend determine a healthy diet and investigate the types of macromolecules found in food. By performing a series of biochemistry tests, you will know the content of various food items. * * What are the different forms (i.e., monomers, polymers) of carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins? * What macromolecules do each of the biochemical tests check for? * What would an abundance or deficiency of one of the macromolecules cause to the human body?arrow_forwardDescribe the role that protein domains play within a protein’s three-dimensional structurearrow_forward
- Human Biology (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781305112100Author:Cecie Starr, Beverly McMillanPublisher:Cengage LearningBiology (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781337392938Author:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. BergPublisher:Cengage Learning