Brock Biology of Microorganisms (14th Edition)
14th Edition
ISBN: 9780321897398
Author: Michael T. Madigan, John M. Martinko, Kelly S. Bender, Daniel H. Buckley, David A. Stahl, Thomas Brock
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 2.9, Problem 1MQ
Compare and contrast simple transporters, the phosphotransferase system, and ABC transporters in terms of (1) energy source, (2) chemical alterations of the solute during transport, and (3) number of proteins required.
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Name the three classes of membrane transport proteins. Explain which one or ones of these classes is able to move glucose and which can move bicarbonate (HCO3 −) against an electrochemical gradient. In the case of bicarbonate, but not glucose, the ΔG of the transport process has two terms.What are these two terms, and why does the second not apply to glucose? Why are cotransporters often referred to as examples of secondary active transport?
Inhibition of the Na,K-ATPase might reasonably result in which of the following:
a.) gradual cellular accumulation of K+
b.) gradual decrease in cytoplasmic Na+
c.) cell shrinkage
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e.) reduced activity of many secondary active transporters
Discuss carrier-mediated transport. How could you experimentally distinguish between the different types of carrier-mediated transport?
Chapter 2 Solutions
Brock Biology of Microorganisms (14th Edition)
Ch. 2.1 - Define the terms magnification and resolution.Ch. 2.1 - Prob. 2MQCh. 2.2 - Prob. 1MQCh. 2.2 - Prob. 2MQCh. 2.2 - How can cells be made to fluoresce?Ch. 2.3 - Prob. 1MQCh. 2.3 - Prob. 2MQCh. 2.4 - Prob. 1MQCh. 2.4 - Prob. 2MQCh. 2.5 - How do cocci and rods differ in morphology?
Ch. 2.5 - Prob. 2MQCh. 2.6 - What physical property of cells increases as cells...Ch. 2.6 - How can the small size and haploid genome of...Ch. 2.6 - What are the approximate limits to how small a...Ch. 2.7 - Prob. 1MQCh. 2.7 - Prob. 2MQCh. 2.8 - Prob. 1MQCh. 2.8 - Prob. 2MQCh. 2.9 - Compare and contrast simple transporters, the...Ch. 2.9 - Prob. 2MQCh. 2.10 - Why do bacterial cells need cell walls? Do all...Ch. 2.10 - Prob. 2MQCh. 2.10 - Prob. 3MQCh. 2.11 - Prob. 1MQCh. 2.11 - Prob. 2MQCh. 2.11 - Prob. 3MQCh. 2.11 - Prob. 4MQCh. 2.12 - Prob. 1MQCh. 2.12 - Prob. 2MQCh. 2.12 - Prob. 3MQCh. 2.13 - Prob. 1MQCh. 2.13 - Prob. 2MQCh. 2.14 - Prob. 1MQCh. 2.14 - Chapter Review Why would it be impossible for...Ch. 2.14 - Chapter Review How are magnetosomes and the...Ch. 2.15 - Prob. 1MQCh. 2.15 - Prob. 2MQCh. 2.16 - Prob. 1MQCh. 2.16 - Prob. 2MQCh. 2.16 - Prob. 3MQCh. 2.17 - Prob. 1MQCh. 2.17 - Prob. 2MQCh. 2.18 - Prob. 1MQCh. 2.18 - Prob. 2MQCh. 2.19 - Prob. 1MQCh. 2.19 - Prob. 2MQCh. 2.19 - Prob. 3MQCh. 2.19 - Chapter Review How does scotophobotaxis differ...Ch. 2.20 - Prob. 1MQCh. 2.20 - Prob. 2MQCh. 2.20 - Prob. 3MQCh. 2.21 - Prob. 1MQCh. 2.21 - Prob. 2MQCh. 2.21 - Prob. 3MQCh. 2.22 - Prob. 1MQCh. 2.22 - Prob. 2MQCh. 2.22 - Prob. 3MQCh. 2 - Prob. 1RQCh. 2 - Prob. 2RQCh. 2 - Prob. 3RQCh. 2 - What are the major morphologies of prokaryotic...Ch. 2 - How large can a bacterium be? How small? Why is it...Ch. 2 - Prob. 6RQCh. 2 - Prob. 7RQCh. 2 - Prob. 8RQCh. 2 - Cells of Escherichia coli transport lactose via...Ch. 2 - Prob. 10RQCh. 2 - List several functions of the outer membrane in...Ch. 2 - Prob. 12RQCh. 2 - Prob. 13RQCh. 2 - Prob. 14RQCh. 2 - Prob. 15RQCh. 2 - In a few sentences, indicate how the bacterial...Ch. 2 - Prob. 17RQCh. 2 - Prob. 18RQCh. 2 - Contrast the mechanism for motility in...Ch. 2 - Prob. 20RQCh. 2 - Prob. 21RQCh. 2 - List at least three features of eukaryotic cells...Ch. 2 - Prob. 23RQCh. 2 - Prob. 24RQCh. 2 - Prob. 25RQCh. 2 - Describe the major functions of the endoplasmic...Ch. 2 - Prob. 1AQCh. 2 - Prob. 2AQCh. 2 - Assume you are given two cultures, one of a...Ch. 2 - Prob. 4AQCh. 2 - Assume you are given two cultures of rod-shaped...
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- Glucose transport across cell membranes varies depending upon blood glucose levels. When glucose levels are high, glucose transport is accomplished via membrane transporters. When glucose concentrations are low, the transport of glucose across the membrane is dependent upon the sodium ion concentration. What types of transport is observed for glucose? A)simple diffusion at high [glucose], secondary active transport at low [glucose] B)facilitated diffusion at high [glucose], secondary active transport at low [glucose] C)simple diffusion at high [glucose], primary active transport at low [glucose] D)facilitated diffusion at high [glucose], primary active transport at low [glucose]arrow_forwardUniporters and ion channels support facilitated transport across cellular membranes. Although both are examples of facilitated transport, the rates of ion movement via an ion channel are roughly 104 - to 105 -fold faster than the rates of molecule movement via a uniporter. What key mechanisticdifference results in this large difference in transport rate?What contribution to free energy (ΔG) determines the direction of transport?arrow_forwardUniporters and ion channels support facilitated transport across cellular membranes. Although both are examples of facilitated transport, the rates of ion movement via an ion channel are roughly 104- to 105-fold faster than the rates of molecule movement via a uniporter. What key mechanistic difference results in this large difference in transport rate? What contribution to free energy (ΔG) determines the direction of transport?arrow_forward
- Distinguish between simple diffusion (SD), facilitated diffusion (FD), and active transport (AT) across a membrane for the following questions. (a) Which processes are energy dependent? (b) Which processes need some kind of carrier protein(s)? (c) Which processes can be saturated by substrate? (d) Which processes can establish a concentration gradient? (e) How much energy does it take to transport an uncharged substrate in, if its starting inside concentration is 10-fold greater than outside?arrow_forwardIs the movement of sodium through SGlut-1 during co-transport simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, active transport, or secondary active transport? And is the movement of glucose through SGlut-1 during co-transport simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, primary active transport, or secondary active transport?arrow_forwardOuabain is a specific inhibitor of the active transport of sodium ions out of the cell and is therefore a valuable tool in studies of membrane transport mechanisms. Which of the following processes in your own body would you expect to be sensitive to inhibition by ouabain? Explain your answer in each case. a) Facilitated diffusion of glucose into a muscle cell b) Active transport of dietary phenylalanine across the intestinal mucosa c) Uptake of potassium ions by red blood cells d) Active uptake of lactose by the bacteria in your intestinearrow_forward
- For each type of membrane transport, know the following:– Is a transporter protein required? If so, what type?– Is there an energy requirement, and if so, what is the energy source?– What is the relative rate of solute transport based on molecule type? On concentration gradient?– What are examples of the types of solutes transported by carriers and channels?arrow_forwardDescribe the two types of passive transport. Explain what kind of proteins are required for each type of passive transport and highlight the similarities and differences of these proteins.arrow_forwardThe sodium Na+/Glucose symport moves sodium and glucose across the plasma membrane. A) Describe was is meant by a symport. Include in your answer whether a symport is an example of a channel protein or a carrier protein. B) Why does the Na+/Glucose transporter work in only one direction? C) Describe how glucose can be both actively and passively transported into an out of the same cell. Include in your description how localization of transport proteins allows for these two different types of transport to occur in the same cell.arrow_forward
- The three fundamental classes of proteins involved in transport across membranes are: i) channelsii) pumpsiii) exchangers For each class, describe its essential features, explain how transport is accomplished and name at least one representative example.arrow_forwardWhy "Transporter are not very selective, and allow solutes to enter or leave the cell through channels or carriers composed of proteins" is true"?arrow_forwardHello, i understand the question, but i only need to know which option is right, no need for explanation. thanks in advance.arrow_forward
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