Organic Chemistry
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781305080485
Author: John E. McMurry
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 28.SE, Problem 20MP
One of the steps in the biosynthesis of uridine monophosphate is the reaction of aspartate with carbamoyl phosphate to give carbamoyl aspartate followed by cyclization to form dihydroorotate. Propose mechanisms for both steps.
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Ribose, a carbohydrate with the formula shown, forms a cyclic hemiacetal, which, in principle, could contain either a four-
membered, five-membered, or six-membered ring. To determine which ring is formed, ribose is treated with methanol in the
presence of an acid catalyst. The products are then isolated and treated with NaIO4 then with H3O+.
OH
HO
OH
OH
Ribose, C5H10O5
H
MeOH
H*
A & B
isomeric cyclic
acetals with
formula C6H₁2O5
1. NalO4
2. H₂O*
MeOH products
Assuming that ribose formed a six-membered ring cyclic hemiacetal, draw the structure of the sodium periodate digestion
products.
• Use the wedge/hash bond tools to indicate stereochemistry where it exists.
• Draw one structure per sketcher. Add additional sketchers using the drop-down menu in the bottom right corner.
Ribose, a carbohydrate with the formula shown, forms a cyclic hemiacetal, which, in principle, could contain either a four-membered,
five-membered, or six-membered ring. To determine which ring is formed, ribose is treated with methanol in the presence of an acid
catalyst. The products are then isolated and treated with
NaIO, then with
H₂O*.
HO
OH
OH
OH
Ribose, C5H10O5
H
9.81
**
MeOH
H*
A & B
isomeric cyclic
acetals with
formula C6H12O5
Assuming that ribose formed a five-membered ring cyclic hemiacetal, draw the structure of the sodium periodate digestion
products.
▼
• Use the wedge/hash bond tools to indicate stereochemistry where it exists.
• Draw one structure per sketcher. Add additional sketchers using the drop-down menu in the bottom right corner.
1. NalO4,
2. H₂O*
MeOH products
4
SIF
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A variation of the acetamidomalonate synthesis can be used to synthesize serine. The process involves the following steps:
Ethoxide ion deprotonates diethyl acetamidomalonate, forming enolate anion 1;
Enolate anion 1 makes a nucleophilic attack on formaldehyde, forming tetrahedral intermediate 2;
Protonation of the oxyanion forms alcohol 3;
Acid hydrolysis yields dicarboxyamino alcohol 4;
Decarboxylation leads to the final amino acid.
Write out the mechanism on a separate sheet of paper, and then draw the structure of tetrahedral intermediate 2.
You do not have to consider stereochemistry.
You do not have to explicitly draw H atoms.
Do not include lone pairs in your answer. They will not be considered in the grading.
Draw carboxyl and amino groups in their uncharged forms.
Chapter 28 Solutions
Organic Chemistry
Ch. 28.1 - Draw the full structure of the DNA dinucleotide...Ch. 28.1 - Draw the full structure of the RNA dinucleotide...Ch. 28.2 - What sequence of bases on one strand of DNA is...Ch. 28.4 - Show how uracil can form strong hydrogen bonds to...Ch. 28.4 - What RNA base sequence is complementary to the...Ch. 28.4 - From what DNA base sequence was the following RNA...Ch. 28.5 - List codon sequences for the following amino...Ch. 28.5 - List anticodon sequences on the tRNAs carrying the...Ch. 28.5 - What amino acid sequence is coded by the following...Ch. 28.5 - What is the base sequence in the original DNA...
Ch. 28.7 - Prob. 11PCh. 28.7 - Prob. 12PCh. 28.SE - Identify the following bases, and tell whether...Ch. 28.SE - Identify the following nucleotide, and tell how it...Ch. 28.SE - Amine bases in nucleic acids can react with...Ch. 28.SE - The final step in DNA synthesis is deprotection by...Ch. 28.SE - The final step in the metabolic degradation of...Ch. 28.SE - One of the steps in the biosynthesis of a...Ch. 28.SE - One of the steps in the metabolic degradation of...Ch. 28.SE - One of the steps in the biosynthesis of uridine...Ch. 28.SE - Human brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) is a small...Ch. 28.SE - Human and horse insulin both have two polypeptide...Ch. 28.SE - The DNA of sea urchins contains about 32% A. What...Ch. 28.SE - The codon UAA stops protein synthesis. Why does...Ch. 28.SE - Which of the following base sequences would most...Ch. 28.SE - For what amino acids do the following...Ch. 28.SE - Prob. 27APCh. 28.SE - Prob. 28APCh. 28.SE - Draw the complete structure of the ribonucleotide...Ch. 28.SE - Draw the complete structure of the...Ch. 28.SE - Give an mRNA sequence that will code for the...Ch. 28.SE - Give an mRNA sequence that will code for the...Ch. 28.SE - What amino acid sequence is coded for by the...Ch. 28.SE - What amino acid sequence is coded for by the...Ch. 28.SE - Prob. 35APCh. 28.SE - Show the steps involved in a laboratory synthesis...Ch. 28.SE - Draw the structure of cyclic adenosine...Ch. 28.SE - Prob. 38AP
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