Thermodynamics: An Engineering Approach
8th Edition
ISBN: 9780073398174
Author: Yunus A. Cengel Dr., Michael A. Boles
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Videos
Textbook Question
Chapter 2.8, Problem 82P
When a hydrocarbon fuel is burned, almost all of the carbon in the fuel burns completely to form CO2 (carbon dioxide), which is the principal gas causing the greenhouse effect and thus global climate change. On average, 0.59 kg of CO2 is produced for each kWh of electricity generated from a power plant that burns natural gas. A typical new household refrigerator uses about 700 kWh of electricity per year. Determine the amount of CO2 production that is due to the refrigerators in a city with 300,000 households.
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Students have asked these similar questions
A 2,000-MW (el) power plant working at 30% thermal efficiency 100% of the time (base load) uses coal (with formula CH) and a heating value of 25 MJ/kg. Determine the rate of the mass of coal burned, M (tons/yr). How much CO2 does this plant emit (metric tons/y)? Theoretically, 1 g of coal produce 3.38 g of CO2
A natural gas-fired condensing boiler has a heating capacity of 38 kW. The fuel heating values are LHV = 49 MJ/kg and HHV = 55 MJ/kg. The boiler efficiency based on HHV is 0.87. Determine the fuel consumption rate in the boiler and the boiler efficiency based on LHV.
The roofs of many homes in the United States are covered with photovoltaic (PV) solar cells that resemble roof tiles, generating electricity quietly from solar energy. An article stated that over its projected 30-year service life, a 4-kW roof PV system in California will reduce the production of CO2 that causes global warming by 433,000 lbm, sulfates that cause acid rain by 2900 lbm, and nitrates that cause smog by 1660 lbm. The article also claims that a PV roof will save 253,000 lbm of coal, 21,000 gallons of oil, and 27 million ft3 of natural gas. Making reasonable assumptions for incident solar radiation, efficiency, and emissions, evaluate these claims and make corrections if necessary.
Chapter 2 Solutions
Thermodynamics: An Engineering Approach
Ch. 2.8 - What is total energy? Identify the different forms...Ch. 2.8 - List the forms of energy that contribute to the...Ch. 2.8 - How are heat, internal energy, and thermal energy...Ch. 2.8 - What is mechanical energy? How does it differ from...Ch. 2.8 - Natural gas, which is mostly methane CH4, is a...Ch. 2.8 - Portable electric heaters are commonly used to...Ch. 2.8 - Prob. 7PCh. 2.8 - Prob. 8PCh. 2.8 - 2–9E Calculate the total potential energy, in Btu,...Ch. 2.8 - Prob. 10P
Ch. 2.8 - Prob. 11PCh. 2.8 - At a certain location, wind is blowing steadily at...Ch. 2.8 - A water jet that leaves a nozzle at 60 m/s at a...Ch. 2.8 - Prob. 14PCh. 2.8 - Prob. 15PCh. 2.8 - Consider a river flowing toward a lake at an...Ch. 2.8 - When is the energy crossing the boundaries of a...Ch. 2.8 - Consider an automobile traveling at a constant...Ch. 2.8 - A gas in a pistoncylinder device is compressed,...Ch. 2.8 - A room is heated by an iron that is left plugged...Ch. 2.8 - A room is heated as a result of solar radiation...Ch. 2.8 - Prob. 23PCh. 2.8 - A small electrical motor produces 5 W of...Ch. 2.8 - Prob. 25PCh. 2.8 - 2–26C Lifting a weight to a height of 20 m takes...Ch. 2.8 - Prob. 27PCh. 2.8 - Prob. 28PCh. 2.8 - Prob. 29PCh. 2.8 - Prob. 30PCh. 2.8 - Prob. 31PCh. 2.8 - Prob. 32PCh. 2.8 - Prob. 33PCh. 2.8 - A ski lift has a one-way length of 1 km and a...Ch. 2.8 - The engine of a 1500-kg automobile has a power...Ch. 2.8 - Prob. 36PCh. 2.8 - What are the different mechanisms for transferring...Ch. 2.8 - On a hot summer day, a student turns his fan on...Ch. 2.8 - Prob. 39PCh. 2.8 - A vertical pistoncylinder device contains water...Ch. 2.8 - At winter design conditions, a house is projected...Ch. 2.8 - A water pump increases the water pressure from 15...Ch. 2.8 - Prob. 43PCh. 2.8 - Prob. 44PCh. 2.8 - A university campus has 200 classrooms and 400...Ch. 2.8 - Prob. 46PCh. 2.8 - Consider a room that is initially at the outdoor...Ch. 2.8 - Prob. 48PCh. 2.8 - 2-49 The 60-W fan of a central heating system is...Ch. 2.8 - Prob. 50PCh. 2.8 - An escalator in a shopping center is designed to...Ch. 2.8 - Prob. 52PCh. 2.8 - How is the combined pumpmotor efficiency of a pump...Ch. 2.8 - Prob. 54PCh. 2.8 - Can the combined turbinegenerator efficiency be...Ch. 2.8 - Consider a 2.4-kW hooded electric open burner in...Ch. 2.8 - Prob. 57PCh. 2.8 - Prob. 58PCh. 2.8 - Prob. 59PCh. 2.8 - A geothermal pump is used to pump brine whose...Ch. 2.8 - Prob. 62PCh. 2.8 - Prob. 63PCh. 2.8 - The water in a large lake is to be used to...Ch. 2.8 - A 7-hp (shaft) pump is used to raise water to an...Ch. 2.8 - At a certain location, wind is blowing steadily at...Ch. 2.8 - Reconsider Prob. 265. Using appropriate software,...Ch. 2.8 - Water is pumped from a lake to a storage tank 15 m...Ch. 2.8 - Prob. 69PCh. 2.8 - A hydraulic turbine has 85 m of elevation...Ch. 2.8 - Prob. 71PCh. 2.8 - Water is pumped from a lower reservoir to a higher...Ch. 2.8 - Prob. 73PCh. 2.8 - An oil pump is drawing 44 kW of electric power...Ch. 2.8 - How does energy conversion affect the environment?...Ch. 2.8 - What is acid rain? Why is it called a rain? How do...Ch. 2.8 - Why is carbon monoxide a dangerous air pollutant?...Ch. 2.8 - What is the greenhouse effect? How does the excess...Ch. 2.8 - What is smog? What does it consist of? How does...Ch. 2.8 - Prob. 80PCh. 2.8 - Consider a household that uses 14,000 kWh of...Ch. 2.8 - When a hydrocarbon fuel is burned, almost all of...Ch. 2.8 - Prob. 83PCh. 2.8 - A typical car driven 20,000 km a year emits to the...Ch. 2.8 - What are the mechanisms of heat transfer?Ch. 2.8 - Which is a better heat conductor, diamond or...Ch. 2.8 - How does forced convection differ from natural...Ch. 2.8 - What is a blackbody? How do real bodies differ...Ch. 2.8 - Define emissivity and absorptivity. What is...Ch. 2.8 - Does any of the energy of the sun reach the earth...Ch. 2.8 - The inner and outer surfaces of a 5-m 6-m brick...Ch. 2.8 - The inner and outer surfaces of a 0.5-cm-thick 2-m...Ch. 2.8 - Reconsider Prob. 292. Using appropriate software,...Ch. 2.8 - Prob. 94PCh. 2.8 - Prob. 95PCh. 2.8 - Prob. 96PCh. 2.8 - Prob. 97PCh. 2.8 - For heat transfer purposes, a standing man can be...Ch. 2.8 - Prob. 99PCh. 2.8 - Prob. 100PCh. 2.8 - A 1000-W iron is left on the ironing board with...Ch. 2.8 - A 7-cm-external-diameter, 18-m-long hot-water pipe...Ch. 2.8 - A thin metal plate is insulated on the back and...Ch. 2.8 - Reconsider Prob. 2103. Using appropriate software,...Ch. 2.8 - The outer surface of a spacecraft in space has an...Ch. 2.8 - Prob. 106PCh. 2.8 - A hollow spherical iron container whose outer...Ch. 2.8 - Consider a vertical elevator whose cabin has a...Ch. 2.8 - Consider a homeowner who is replacing his...Ch. 2.8 - Prob. 110RPCh. 2.8 - Prob. 111RPCh. 2.8 - Prob. 112RPCh. 2.8 - 2–113 The U.S. Department of Energy estimates that...Ch. 2.8 - Prob. 114RPCh. 2.8 - Prob. 115RPCh. 2.8 - Prob. 116RPCh. 2.8 - Prob. 117RPCh. 2.8 - Consider a TV set that consumes 120 W of electric...Ch. 2.8 - Water is pumped from a 200-ft-deep well into a...Ch. 2.8 - Prob. 120RPCh. 2.8 - Prob. 121RPCh. 2.8 - In a hydroelectric power plant, 65 m3/s of water...Ch. 2.8 - The demand for electric power is usually much...Ch. 2.8 - The pump of a water distribution system is powered...Ch. 2.8 - On a hot summer day, the air in a well-sealed room...Ch. 2.8 - Prob. 126FEPCh. 2.8 - A 2-kW electric resistance heater in a room is...Ch. 2.8 - A 900-kg car cruising at a constant speed of 60...Ch. 2.8 - Prob. 129FEPCh. 2.8 - Prob. 130FEPCh. 2.8 - Prob. 131FEPCh. 2.8 - A 2-kW pump is used to pump kerosene ( = 0.820...Ch. 2.8 - Prob. 133FEPCh. 2.8 - Prob. 134FEPCh. 2.8 - Prob. 135FEPCh. 2.8 - Prob. 136FEPCh. 2.8 - Prob. 137FEPCh. 2.8 - Heat is transferred steadily through a...Ch. 2.8 - The roof of an electrically heated house is 7 m...
Additional Engineering Textbook Solutions
Find more solutions based on key concepts
Three rigid bodies, 2,3, and 4, are connected by four springs as shown in the figure. A horizontal force of 1,0...
Introduction To Finite Element Analysis And Design
Describe the structural changes that take place when a plain-carbon eutectoid steel is slowly cooled from the a...
Foundations of Materials Science and Engineering
What is the weight in newtons of an object that has a mass of (a) 8 kg, (b) 0.04 kg, (c) 760 Mg?
Statics and Mechanics of Materials (5th Edition)
Convert the following quantities from English to SI units: a. 98 Btu/(hr-ft-F) b. 0.24 Btu/(lbm-F) C. 0.04 Ibm/...
Heating Ventilating and Air Conditioning: Analysis and Design
The spring of k and unstretched length 1.5R is attached to the disk at a radial distance of 0.75R from the cent...
Engineering Mechanics: Statics
Determine the velocity of block D if end A of the rope is pulled down with a speed of vA = 3 m/s.
Engineering Mechanics: Dynamics (14th Edition)
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, mechanical-engineering and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- How do heat transfer and energy transformation affect heat engines in electricity production?arrow_forwardBy supplying energy to a house at a rate of 25,000 kJ/hr, a heat pump maintains the temperature of the dwelling at 20 C when the outside air is at -10 C. If electricity costs 8 cents per kW-hr, determine the minimum theoretical operating cost to heat the house for 24 hours. $1.97 O $1.37 $1.75 O $1.51 O$1.64arrow_forwardAn automotive air conditioner produces a 1-kW cooling effect while consuming 0.75 kW of power. What is the rate at which heat is rejected from this air conditioner?arrow_forward
- A student buys a 5000 Btu window air conditioner for his apartment bedroom. He monitors it for one hour on a hot day and determines that it operates approximately 60 percent of the time (duty cycle = 60 percent) to keep the room at nearly constant temperature. (a) Showing all your work and using unity conversion ratios, calculate the rate of heat transfer into the bedroom through the walls, windows, etc. in units of Btu/h and in units of kW. (b) If the energy efficiency ratio (EER) of the air conditioner is 9.0 and electricity costs 7.5 cents per kilowatt-hr, calculate how much it costs (in cents) for him to run the air conditioner for one hour.arrow_forwardA coal-burning steam power plant produces a net power of 300 MW with an overall thermal efficiency of 32 percent. The actual gravimetric air-fuel ratio in the furnace is calculated to be 12 kg air/kg fuel. The heating value of the coal is 28,000 kJ/kg. Determine (a) the amount of coal consumed during a 24-hour period and (b) the rate of air flowing through the furnace Answers: (a) 2.89 X 106 kg, (b) 402 kg/sarrow_forward12. Assuming that the Philippines is consuming 3.5×10^20 kWh of electrical energy in one year and the power plant has a conversion efficiency of 32%. Determine the annual heat by the system in BTU. Express the answer in 4 significant figures.arrow_forward
- How does a geothermal power plant generate electricity? Explain on the basis of heat transfer and energy transformation.arrow_forwardb) On a winter day when the average outdoor temperature remains at about 4 ° C, the house is estimated to lose heat at a rate of 62,000 kJ / h. For this reason a Carnot heat pump is used to heat a house and maintain it at 23 ° C. If the heat pump consumes 6 kW of power while operating, determine (a) how long the heat pump ran on that day; (b) the amount of heat removed from surrounding (Q.); and (c) the total heating costs, assuming an average price of 6.5 ¢ / kWh for electricity (d) the heating cost for the day if resistance heating is used instead of a heat pump assuming an average price of 6.5 € / kWh for electricity .arrow_forwardWhy some diesel vehicles have battery-driven heaters attached to the fuel tanks in order to be able to power them with natural oil? How does this affect? Why some diesel has two fuel tanks, one with petrodiesel and the second one with vegetable oil? How it does affect?arrow_forward
- A heat pump is used to extract heat from the outside atmosphere to heat the inside of a building. On a day when the outside air temperature is Tc°C, the heat pump is operating to a COP of 3.7, maintaining the inside temperature of the building at Th°C. If the building is losing heat at the rate of 53,709 kJ/hour in these conditions, determine how much power (kW) must be supplied to a heat pump? Keep two decimal placesarrow_forwardA diesel electric plant in one of the remote provinces in the South utilizes diesel fuel with a ˚API of 28 at 15.6˚C. The plant consumes 680 liters of diesel fuel at 26.6˚C in 24 hours while the power generated for the same period amounts to 1980 kW – hrs. Determine overall thermal efficiency of the plant.arrow_forwardA fuel oil is burned with air in a boiler. Combustion produces 813 kW of thermal energy (heat), 65% of which is transferred as heat to boiler tubes that pass through the furnace. Combustion products pass from the furnace to a chimney at 550°C. The water enters the boiler as a liquid at 30°C and exits as a saturated steam at 20 bar (absolute).(a) Calculate the rate (kg/h) of steam production.(b) Use the steam tables to estimate the volumetric flow of the steam produced.(c) What happens to the 35% of thermal energy released by combustion that is not used to produce steam?arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Elements Of ElectromagneticsMechanical EngineeringISBN:9780190698614Author:Sadiku, Matthew N. O.Publisher:Oxford University Press
Mechanics of Materials (10th Edition)Mechanical EngineeringISBN:9780134319650Author:Russell C. HibbelerPublisher:PEARSON
Thermodynamics: An Engineering ApproachMechanical EngineeringISBN:9781259822674Author:Yunus A. Cengel Dr., Michael A. BolesPublisher:McGraw-Hill Education
Control Systems EngineeringMechanical EngineeringISBN:9781118170519Author:Norman S. NisePublisher:WILEY
Mechanics of Materials (MindTap Course List)Mechanical EngineeringISBN:9781337093347Author:Barry J. Goodno, James M. GerePublisher:Cengage Learning
Engineering Mechanics: StaticsMechanical EngineeringISBN:9781118807330Author:James L. Meriam, L. G. Kraige, J. N. BoltonPublisher:WILEY
Elements Of Electromagnetics
Mechanical Engineering
ISBN:9780190698614
Author:Sadiku, Matthew N. O.
Publisher:Oxford University Press
Mechanics of Materials (10th Edition)
Mechanical Engineering
ISBN:9780134319650
Author:Russell C. Hibbeler
Publisher:PEARSON
Thermodynamics: An Engineering Approach
Mechanical Engineering
ISBN:9781259822674
Author:Yunus A. Cengel Dr., Michael A. Boles
Publisher:McGraw-Hill Education
Control Systems Engineering
Mechanical Engineering
ISBN:9781118170519
Author:Norman S. Nise
Publisher:WILEY
Mechanics of Materials (MindTap Course List)
Mechanical Engineering
ISBN:9781337093347
Author:Barry J. Goodno, James M. Gere
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Engineering Mechanics: Statics
Mechanical Engineering
ISBN:9781118807330
Author:James L. Meriam, L. G. Kraige, J. N. Bolton
Publisher:WILEY
Heat Transfer [Conduction, Convection, and Radiation]; Author: Mike Sammartano;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kNZi12OV9Xc;License: Standard youtube license