Principles of Economics 2e
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781947172364
Author: Steven A. Greenlaw; David Shapiro
Publisher: OpenStax
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Textbook Question
Chapter 28, Problem 39P
Suppose the Fed conducts an open market sale by selling $10 million in Treasury bonds to Acme Bank. Sketch out the
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Assume that the following balance sheet portrays the state of the banking system. The banks currently have no excess reserves.
Assets
Liabilities and Net Worth
(Billions of Dollars)
Total reserves
5
Checkable deposits
50
Loans
25
Securities
20
Total
50
Total
50
What is the required reserve ratio?
25%
40%
5%
10%
Suppose that the Federal Reserve (the "Fed") buys $4 million of bonds from a bond dealer, who immediately deposits the funds in her checking account. What is the initial impact of this transaction?
Checkable deposits rise by $4 million, and the banking system's holdings of securities rise by $4 million.
The banking system's holdings of securities rise by $4 million, and the banking system's total reserves fall by $4 million.
Checkable deposits rise by $4 million, and the banking system's total reserves rise by $4 million.
The banking system's holdings of securities fall by $4 million,…
Suppose the Fed conducts an open market sale by selling $10 million in Treasury bonds to Great Western Bank. Sketch out the balance sheet changes that will occur as Great Western restores its required reserves (10% of deposits) by reducing its loans. The initial balance sheet for Great Western Bank contains the following information (all in $ millions): Assets – reserves 30, bonds 50, and loans 250; Liabilities – deposits 300 and equity 30.
It is the holiday season, and you withdraw $2,000 from your account at First National Bank to purchase gifts.
Complete the following table to show how the bank's balance sheet changes, assuming a required reserve ratio of 20%.
First National Bank
Assets
(Dollars)
Reserves
Addendum: Changes in Reserves
Actual reserves:
Liabilities
(Dollars)
Checking Deposits
Required reserves
Excess reserves
Chapter 28 Solutions
Principles of Economics 2e
Ch. 28 - Why is it important for the members of the Board...Ch. 28 - Given the danger of bank runs, why do banks not...Ch. 28 - Bank runs are often described as self-fulfilling...Ch. 28 - If the central bank sells 500 in bonds to a bank...Ch. 28 - What would be the effect of increasing the banks...Ch. 28 - Why does contractionary monetary policy cause...Ch. 28 - Why does expansionary monetary policy causes...Ch. 28 - Why might banks want to hold excess reserves in...Ch. 28 - Why might the velocity of money change...Ch. 28 - How is a central bank different from a typical...
Ch. 28 - List the three traditional tools that a central...Ch. 28 - How is bank regulation linked to the conduct of...Ch. 28 - What is a bank run?Ch. 28 - In a program of deposit insurance as it is...Ch. 28 - In government programs of bank supervision, what...Ch. 28 - What is the lender of last resort?Ch. 28 - Name and briefly describe the responsibilities of...Ch. 28 - Explain how to use an open market operation to...Ch. 28 - Explain how to use the reserve requirement to...Ch. 28 - Explain how to use the discount rate to expand the...Ch. 28 - How do the expansionary and contractionary...Ch. 28 - How do tight and loose monetary policy affect...Ch. 28 - How do expansionary, tight, contractionary, and...Ch. 28 - Which kind of monetary policy would you expect in...Ch. 28 - Explain how to use quantitative easing to...Ch. 28 - Which kind of monetary policy would you expect in...Ch. 28 - How might each of the following factors complicate...Ch. 28 - Define the velocity of the moneyCh. 28 - What is the basic quantity equation of money?Ch. 28 - How does a monetary policy of inflation target...Ch. 28 - Why do presidents typically reappoint Chairs of...Ch. 28 - In what ways might monetary policy be superior to...Ch. 28 - The term moral hazard describes increases in risky...Ch. 28 - Explain what would happen if banks were notified...Ch. 28 - A well-known economic model called the Phillips...Ch. 28 - How does rule-based monetary policy differ from...Ch. 28 - Is it preferable for central banks to primarily...Ch. 28 - Suppose the Fed conducts an open market purchase...Ch. 28 - Suppose the Fed conducts an open market sale by...Ch. 28 - All other things being equal, by how much will...Ch. 28 - Suppose now that economists expect the velocity of...Ch. 28 - If GDP is 1,500 and the money supply is 400, what...Ch. 28 - If GDP now rises to 1,600, but the money supply...Ch. 28 - If GDP now falls back to 1,500 and the money...
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- Suppose First Main Street Bank, Second Republic Bank, and Third Fidelity Bank all have zero excess reserves. The required reserve ratio is 25%. The Federal Reserve buys a government bond worth $1,800,000 from Felix, a customer of First Main Street Bank. He deposits the money into his checking account at First Main Street Bank. Complete the following table to reflect any changes in First Main Street Bank's balance sheet (before the bank makes any new loans). Assets Liabilities Complete the following table to show the effects of the new deposit on excess and required reserves, assuming a required reserve ratio of 25%. Hint: If the change is negative, be sure to enter the value as a negative number. Amount Deposited Change in Excess Reserves Change in Required Reserves (Dollars) (Dollars) (Dollars) 1,800,000 Now, suppose First Main Street Bank loans out all of its new excess reserves to Deborah, who immediately writes a check for the full amount to Carlos.…arrow_forwardBelow is a short version of the balance sheet at Wells Fargo. Assume this bank has a 15% reserve requirement. Wells Fargo Assets Liabilities Total Reserves $250,000 Deposits $100,000 1. What is the maximum this bank can lend out? $ 2. Mr. Smithers decides to withdraw $25,000 from his checking account here after which the bank will now make $45,000 in loans and purchase $14,000 in securities from the Fed. After all these transactions take place, answer the following questions. (Enter your response rounded to the nearest whole number). a. The bank now has Total Reserves in the amount of $☐ b. The bank now has Required Reserves in the amount of $ c. The bank now has Excess Reserves in the amount of $ d. The bank is now limited to making additional loans up to the amount of $ e. The value of the simple money multiplier is (round to just 1 decimal) f. Should this bank lend its entire remaining reserves, the banking system can see an increase in the money supply of $arrow_forwardIf a bank has $10 million in total deposits from customers, holds $3 million in reserves, and has a legal reserve requirement of 20% imposed by the Fed, which statement is TRUE? The bank's actual reserve ratio is 30%, and the bank is not fully loaned-up. The bank's actual reserve ratio is 30%, and the bank is fully loaned-up. The bank's actual reserve ratio is 20%, and the bank is fully loaned-up. The bank's actual reserve ratio is 20%, and the bank is not fully loaned-up.arrow_forward
- Suppose again that checkable deposits started off as $400,000 in First Main Street Bank, the required reserve ratio (r) is 15%, with and there are no excess reserves and no cash leakage. Suppose the Fed buys $8,000 worth of government securities from First Main Street Bank. Complete the following table to reflect the Fed's purchase on the balance sheet for First Main Street Bank. Reserves Loans Assets Liabilities Checkable Deposits $400,000 Does First Main Street Bank have any excess reserves now? No; the bank has zero excess reserves. OYes; the bank has $1,200 in excess reserves. O Yes; the bank has $51,000 in excess reserves. Yes; the bank has $8,000 in excess reserves.arrow_forwardAnswer the next question on the basis of the following consolidated balance sheet of the commercial banking system. Assume that the reserve requirement is 20%. All figures are in billions. Liabilities & Net Worth (billions of dollars) Assets (billions of dollars) Reserves $200 Checkable deposits $1000 Securities 300Stock shares 400 Loans 500 Property 400 Suppose the Fed wants to increase the money supply by $1,000 billion to drive down interest rates and stimulate the economy. To accomplish this, it could lower the reserve requirement from 20% to A) 12% OB) 15% C) 14% D) 10%arrow_forwardSuppose that Walls Fergo Bank currently has $100,000 in demand deposits and $65,000 in outstanding loans. Assume the Federal Reserve has the reserve requirement set at 10%. Based on this information, complete the following table detailing Walls Fergo Bank's reserves, required reserves, and excess reserves. Reserves (Dollars) Walls Fergo Required Reserves (Dollars) Excess Reserves (Dollars)arrow_forward
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- Suppose the balance sheet of Bigfoot Bank of America is shown below: Assets Liabilities Reserves $100 Deposits $5000 Loans $4900 a) The Reserve Requirement Ratio (RRR) is 0.04 or 4%. What is the Money Multiplier? b) Suppose that Skitch brings in a deposit of $300. What will be the new Deposits, Reserves and Loans amounts immediately after this deposit? Does the bank have any Excess Reserves at this point? How much? Show your work. Deposits = Reserves Loans Excess Reserves = c) What will be the Deposits, Reserves and Loans amounts after the entire money creation process has been completed. Show your work. Deposits = Reserves = Loans =arrow_forwardYou are given the following balance sheet of the Summer Bank (21) Balance sheet of the Winter bank Assets Liabilities Cash $ 8,000 Deposited with the Fed $ 5,000 Loans $ 117,000 Deposits $ 80,000 Capital $ 50,000 Total $ 130,000 Total $ 130,000 The required reserve ratio (RRR) on all deposits is 5% d,What would be the excess reserves of this bank after the RRR is changed to 4%? e.How much new amount of loan will this bank be able to create with the RRR of 4%? f.How much new amount of loan the entire banking system be able to create because of the excess reserves? g.What happened to the money supply after the RRR was decreased to 4% from 5%?arrow_forwardThe following table shows the assets and liabilities of all banks in Canada. The reserve ratio is 8%, and no one holds cash. Assets Liabilities Actual reserves: $200 million Deposits: $1 000 million Loans: $700 million Bonds: $100 million a) What is the amount of total desired reserves? What is the amount of excess reserves? b) What is the multiplier? Show how you figured it out. c) After all the multiplier processes have taken place, what will be the change in loans? d) When all of the excess reserves are loaned out, how will the above table have changed? e) Now suppose people wish to hold 40% of their deposits as cash. What impact will that have on the money creation process and the multiplier? Explain in words- calculations aren't necessaryarrow_forward
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