Principles of Economics 2e
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781947172364
Author: Steven A. Greenlaw; David Shapiro
Publisher: OpenStax
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Chapter 28, Problem 40P
All other things being equal, by how much will nominal
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All other things being equal, by how much will nominal GDP expand if the central bank increases the money supply by $110 billion, and the velocity of money is 3.2? (Enter your answer in billions of dollars. That is, if you find an expansion of 1 billion enter 1 for your answer.)
Suppose that this year's money supply is $1,200 billion, nominal GDP is $6,000 billion and real GDP is $5,000 billion. (This
question concerns the Equation of Exchange in the Classical Quantity Theory of Money).
a) What is the price level (expressed as a percentage-i.e., as a price index)?
b) What is the velocity of money?
c) Suppose that velocity is constant and the economy's output of goods and services rises by 6 percent each year. If the Fed
keeps the money supply constant, what will nominal GDP be next year?
d) Under the conditions in c) what will happen to the price level next year?
e) What money supply should the Fed set next year if it wants to keep the price level stable?
1) What money supply should the Fed set next year if it wants the inflation rate to be 8 percent?
2. Suppose that in the U.S., the income velocity of money (V) is constant. Suppose, too, that every year, real GDP grows by 2.5 percent (%ΔY/year = 0.025) and the supply of money grows by 10 percent (%ΔM/year = 0.10).
a. According to the Quantity Theory of Money, what would be the growth rate of nominal GDP = P×Y? Hint: %Δ(X×Y) %ΔX + %ΔY.
Chapter 28 Solutions
Principles of Economics 2e
Ch. 28 - Why is it important for the members of the Board...Ch. 28 - Given the danger of bank runs, why do banks not...Ch. 28 - Bank runs are often described as self-fulfilling...Ch. 28 - If the central bank sells 500 in bonds to a bank...Ch. 28 - What would be the effect of increasing the banks...Ch. 28 - Why does contractionary monetary policy cause...Ch. 28 - Why does expansionary monetary policy causes...Ch. 28 - Why might banks want to hold excess reserves in...Ch. 28 - Why might the velocity of money change...Ch. 28 - How is a central bank different from a typical...
Ch. 28 - List the three traditional tools that a central...Ch. 28 - How is bank regulation linked to the conduct of...Ch. 28 - What is a bank run?Ch. 28 - In a program of deposit insurance as it is...Ch. 28 - In government programs of bank supervision, what...Ch. 28 - What is the lender of last resort?Ch. 28 - Name and briefly describe the responsibilities of...Ch. 28 - Explain how to use an open market operation to...Ch. 28 - Explain how to use the reserve requirement to...Ch. 28 - Explain how to use the discount rate to expand the...Ch. 28 - How do the expansionary and contractionary...Ch. 28 - How do tight and loose monetary policy affect...Ch. 28 - How do expansionary, tight, contractionary, and...Ch. 28 - Which kind of monetary policy would you expect in...Ch. 28 - Explain how to use quantitative easing to...Ch. 28 - Which kind of monetary policy would you expect in...Ch. 28 - How might each of the following factors complicate...Ch. 28 - Define the velocity of the moneyCh. 28 - What is the basic quantity equation of money?Ch. 28 - How does a monetary policy of inflation target...Ch. 28 - Why do presidents typically reappoint Chairs of...Ch. 28 - In what ways might monetary policy be superior to...Ch. 28 - The term moral hazard describes increases in risky...Ch. 28 - Explain what would happen if banks were notified...Ch. 28 - A well-known economic model called the Phillips...Ch. 28 - How does rule-based monetary policy differ from...Ch. 28 - Is it preferable for central banks to primarily...Ch. 28 - Suppose the Fed conducts an open market purchase...Ch. 28 - Suppose the Fed conducts an open market sale by...Ch. 28 - All other things being equal, by how much will...Ch. 28 - Suppose now that economists expect the velocity of...Ch. 28 - If GDP is 1,500 and the money supply is 400, what...Ch. 28 - If GDP now rises to 1,600, but the money supply...Ch. 28 - If GDP now falls back to 1,500 and the money...
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- Only typed answerarrow_forwardThe following table gives the quantity of money demanded at various price levels (P), the money demand schedule. In the following table, fill in the column labeled Value of Money. Quantity of Money Demanded Price Level (P) Value of Money (1/P) 1.00 1.00 (Billions of dollars) 2.0 1.33 0.75 2.00 0.50 4.00 0.25 2.5 4.0 8.0 ما Now consider the relationship between the quantity of money that people demand and the price level. The lower the price level, the less required to complete transactions, and the more money people will want to hold in the form of currency or demand deposits. moneyarrow_forwardOn the following graph, MS represents the money supply and MD represents money demand. VALUE OF MONEY 0.45 5000 MS MS 9000 QUANTITY OF MONEY MD Refer to Figure 31-3. Suppose the relevant money-supply curve is the one labeled MS1; also suppose the economy's real GDP is $25,000 for the year. If the market for money is in equilibrium, then the velocity of money is approximately 1.7. 8.3. 2.2. 0.6.arrow_forward
- 60) Use the money demand and money supply model to show the money market in equilibrium with an interest rate of 5 percent and the quantity of money of $800 billion. Suppose the Federal Reserve increases the money supply to $850 billion. At the previous equilibrium interest rate of 5 percent, will households and firms now be holding more money or less money than they want to hold, and will they be buying or selling short-term financial assets? At the new equilibrium interest rate, households and firms will desire to hold the entire $850 billion of the money supply. What causes households and firms to want to hold the additional $50 billion of the money supply? 61) Use the money demand and money supply model to show graphically and briefly explain the effect on the interest rate if real GDP increases. 1arrow_forwardD7 Suppose that people hold 17 cents out of every dollar of deposits as currency. Suppose that banks hold 13 cents out of every dollar of deposits as excess reserves. If the Fed buys $100 billion worth of Treasury securities on the open market, what is the change in the money supply? Make sure to express your answers in billions. Make sure to round your answers to the nearest 100th decimal points. For example, 24.56 for $24.56 billion.arrow_forwardGive typing answer with explanation and conclusion A standard "money demand" function used by macroeconomists has the form ln(m)=β0+β1ln(GDP)+β2R, Where m is the quantity of (real) money, GDP is the value of (real) gross domesticproduct, and R is the value of the nominal interest rate measured in percent per year. Supposed that β1 = 2.66 and β2 = −0.05. A) What is the expected change in m if GDP increases by 4%? The value of m is expected to_________(increase or decrease ) by approximately ________% (Round your response to the nearest integer) B) What is projected to change in m if the interest rate increases form 2% to 6% ? The value of m is expected to ________(increase/decrease) by approximately ________% (Round your response to the nearest integer)arrow_forward
- !arrow_forwardc) The demand for money is given by: Md 0.5Y - 2000r i. If the income level is Y = 1000, and the interest rate is r= 10%, what is the demand for money? ii. What is the equilibrium level of interest rates when the supply of money is equal to 200? iii. What happens to the equilibrium rate of interest when increase in the money supply to 400?arrow_forwardYou have been given the banking and financial data in the following table. Your boss wants you to calculate the M1 money supply (using the U.S. laws and regulations) but forgets to tell you which year the data pertain to. You call your boss and she tells you that the data is for 2021. In that case, you calculate the following for your boss: Currency in Circulation $100 Demand Deposits $1,000 Savings Deposits $4,400 Small Time Deposits (Less than $100,000) $2,000 Large Time Deposits (Greater than $100,000) $4,000 Money Market Mutual Funds Deposits Owned by Individuals $1,000 Money Market Mutual Funds Deposits Owned by Institutions $5,000 Total Reserves in the Banking System $2,100 O a. M1 = $1,000 O b. M1 = $1,100 O c. M1 $2,200 = O d. M1 $4,300 O e. M1 $5,500arrow_forward
- Consider a simple economy that produces only cell phones. The following table contains information on the economy's money supply, velocity of money, price level, and output. For example, in 2019, the money supply was $240, the price of a cell phone was $7.20, and the economy produced 500 cell phones. Fill in the missing values in the following table, selecting the answers closest to the values you calculate.arrow_forward(Advanced analysis) Assume the equation for the total demand for money is L= 0.4Y+80-4i, where L is the amount of money demanded, Y is gross domestic product, and i is the interest rate. If gross domestic product is $450 and the interest rate is 5 percent, what amount of money will society want to hold?arrow_forwardOnly typed answerarrow_forward
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