Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781285869759
Author: Frederick A. Bettelheim, William H. Brown, Mary K. Campbell, Shawn O. Farrell, Omar Torres
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 28, Problem 28.18P
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation:
In figure 28.3, step 5 yields one NADH. Yet in table 28.1, the same step indicates a yield of 2 NADH + H+. The discrepancy in these two statements should be explained.
Concept Introduction:
Glycolysis is a specific process through which the body gets energy from monosaccharides.
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The transfer or removal of an
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Chapter 28 Solutions
Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry
Ch. 28.7 - Prob. 28.1PCh. 28 - What are the products of lipase-catalyzed...Ch. 28 - What is the main use of amino acids in the body?Ch. 28 - Prob. 28.4PCh. 28 - Prob. 28.5PCh. 28 - Prob. 28.6PCh. 28 - Prob. 28.7PCh. 28 - Prob. 28.8PCh. 28 - Prob. 28.9PCh. 28 - Prob. 28.10P
Ch. 28 - Prob. 28.11PCh. 28 - Prob. 28.12PCh. 28 - Prob. 28.13PCh. 28 - Prob. 28.14PCh. 28 - Prob. 28.15PCh. 28 - Prob. 28.16PCh. 28 - Prob. 28.17PCh. 28 - Prob. 28.18PCh. 28 - Prob. 28.19PCh. 28 - Prob. 28.20PCh. 28 - Two enzymes participating in ß-oxidation have the...Ch. 28 - Prob. 28.22PCh. 28 - Prob. 28.23PCh. 28 - Is the ß -oxidation of fatty acid (without the...Ch. 28 - Calculate the number of ATP molecules obtained in...Ch. 28 - Prob. 28.26PCh. 28 - Prob. 28.27PCh. 28 - Prob. 28.28PCh. 28 - Prob. 28.29PCh. 28 - Prob. 28.30PCh. 28 - Prob. 28.31PCh. 28 - Prob. 28.32PCh. 28 - Prob. 28.33PCh. 28 - Ammonia, NH3, and ammonium ion, NH+4are both...Ch. 28 - Prob. 28.35PCh. 28 - Prob. 28.36PCh. 28 - Prob. 28.37PCh. 28 - Prob. 28.38PCh. 28 - 28-39 The metabolism of the carbon skeleton of...Ch. 28 - Prob. 28.40PCh. 28 - Prob. 28.41PCh. 28 - Prob. 28.42PCh. 28 - Prob. 28.43PCh. 28 - Prob. 28.44PCh. 28 - Prob. 28.45PCh. 28 - Prob. 28.46PCh. 28 - Prob. 28.47PCh. 28 - Prob. 28.48PCh. 28 - Prob. 28.49PCh. 28 - Prob. 28.50PCh. 28 - Prob. 28.51PCh. 28 - Prob. 28.52PCh. 28 - Prob. 28.53PCh. 28 - Prob. 28.54PCh. 28 - Prob. 28.55PCh. 28 - Prob. 28.56PCh. 28 - Prob. 28.57PCh. 28 - Write the products of the transamination reaction...Ch. 28 - Prob. 28.59PCh. 28 - Prob. 28.60PCh. 28 - Prob. 28.61PCh. 28 - Prob. 28.62PCh. 28 - Prob. 28.63PCh. 28 - Prob. 28.64PCh. 28 - Prob. 28.65PCh. 28 - Prob. 28.66PCh. 28 - Prob. 28.67PCh. 28 - Prob. 28.68PCh. 28 - Prob. 28.69PCh. 28 - Prob. 28.70PCh. 28 - Prob. 28.71PCh. 28 - Prob. 28.72PCh. 28 - Prob. 28.73PCh. 28 - Prob. 28.74PCh. 28 - Prob. 28.75PCh. 28 - Prob. 28.76PCh. 28 - Prob. 28.77PCh. 28 - Prob. 28.78PCh. 28 - Prob. 28.79PCh. 28 - Many soft drinks contain citric acid to add...Ch. 28 - Prob. 28.81PCh. 28 - One occasionally hears diet advice that proteins...Ch. 28 - Prob. 28.83PCh. 28 - Prob. 28.84P
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- The first step of the metabolic process known as glycolysis is the conversion of glucose to glucose- 6-phosphate. This process has a positive value for rG' Glucose + Pi Glucose-6-phosphate + H2O rG' = +13.8 kJ/mol-rxn This reaction is coupled to the hydrolysis of ATP ATP + H2O ADP + Pi rG' = -30.5 kJ/mol-rxn What is the sum of these two equations and the value of rG' for the coupled reaction? Is the coupled reaction product-favored at equilibrium?arrow_forwardCan a chemical that, in essence, goes through the body unchanged be an essential nutrient? Explain.arrow_forwardAH = - 1.2 kcal/mol; Kp = 16 nM OH 1 HO AH = - 6.0 kcal/mol; N. Kp = = 76 nM OH 2 HOl. AH = - 5.5 kcal/mol; Kp = 0.5 nM OH (iii) By considering the enthalpies given, what do you think this suggests about the target (e.g. the binding pocket of an enzyme) that the molecule binds to?arrow_forward
- List the following in order of increasing tendency to accept electrons: (a) α-ketoglutarate + CO2 (yielding isocitrate); (b) oxaloacetate; (c) O2; (d) NADP+.arrow_forwardModify the given molecule to show the product of the oxidation reaction using NAD+ as the oxidizing agent. Include the appropriate hydrogen atoms and charges. OH O .lari. -CH₂- NAD+ Select Draw Rings More / ||| ||| C 0 H 44 H 4 Erase +NADH- ho given molecule to show the product of the oxidation reaction using FAD as the oxidizing agent. Include thearrow_forward\ reported the NAD* and NADH concentrations in yeast mitochondria as 20 mm and 0.3 mM, respectively. Consider the malate dehydrogenase reaction, which is . Wheeler and Mathews part of the citric acid cycle (Chapter 13): malate + NAD* oxaloacetate + NADH + H* AG" =+29.7 kJ/mol If malate concentration in yeast mitochondria is 0.4 mM, what is the maxi- mum concentration of oxaloacetate needed to make the reaction exergonic at pH 7.0 and 37 °C?arrow_forward
- Oxaloacetate + ADP + Pi + H+ ---> Pyruvate + ATP + HCO3- ΔGo’ = 13.91 kJ/mol Lactate + NAD+ ---> Pyruvate + NADH + H+ ΔGo’ = 25.12 kJ/mol Oxaloacetate + GTP ---> Phosphoenolpyruvate + GDP + CO2 ΔGo’ = -28.40 kJ/mol HCO3- + H+ ---> CO2 + H2O ΔGo’ = -41.45 kJ/mol GDP + ATP ---> GTP + ADP ΔGo’ = -0.003 kJ/mol _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Lactate + NAD+ + 2ATP + H2O ---> Phosphoenolpyruvate + NADH + 2ADP + Pi + 3H+ From the above information, calculate theΔGo’ for the overall reaction shown…arrow_forwardOxaloacetate + ADP + Pi + H+ ---> Pyruvate + ATP + HCO3- ΔGo’ = 13.91 kJ/mol Lactate + NAD+ ---> Pyruvate + NADH + H+ ΔGo’ = 25.12 kJ/mol Oxaloacetate + GTP ---> Phosphoenolpyruvate + GDP + CO2 ΔGo’ = -28.40 kJ/mol HCO3- + H+ ---> CO2 + H2O ΔGo’ = -41.45 kJ/mol GDP + ATP ---> GTP + ADP ΔGo’ = -0.003 kJ/mol _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Lactate + NAD+ + 2ATP + H2O ---> Phosphoenolpyruvate + NADH + 2ADP + Pi + 3H+ From the above information, calculate the Keq’ for the overall reaction shown…arrow_forwardAnalyze each reaction by considering the functional groups that change, the coenzyme or other reactant, and the name of the enzyme.arrow_forward
- When the following reaction reached equilibrium the concentration of glucose 1-phosphate is 34mM, and the concentration of glucose 6-phosphate is 190mM. At standard temperatures and pressure, calculate the Keq and the ΔGo' glucose 6-phosphate <---(phosphoglucoisomerase)---> glucose 1-phosphate Keq= ΔGo' =arrow_forwardNADH + H+ NAD+ H₂O FADH₂ COASH + NAD+ X FAD CO₂ + NADH + H+ H₂O GTP + COASH COASH GDP + Pi NAD+ NADH + H+ + CO₂ •COASH + NAD+ NADH + H+ + CO₂arrow_forwardConsider these three reactions and fill in the blanks below: Malate + NAD+ → Oxaloacetate + NADH + H+ AGO. = = +29.8 kJ/mol Oxaloacetate + acetyl-CoA –→ citrate + COASH AGO = -32.2 kJ/mol Citrate → isocitrate AGO. = +8.4 kJ/mol Under standard conditions the net formation of isocitrate from malate is thermodynamically with a standard free energy change (AGU) of kJ/mol.arrow_forward
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