A mechanism involving a carbocation rearrangement for the conversion of isoborneol into camphene on treatment with dilute sulfuric acid is to be proposed. Concept introduction: The steps involving a carbocation rearrangement for the conversion of isoborneol into camphene on treatment with dilute sulfuric acid are i) Protonation of the hydroxyl group by sulfuric acid ii) Loss of water to yield a carbocation iii) Migration of a ring carbon to produce a more stable carbocation. iv) Deprotonation. To propose: A mechanism involving a carbocation rearrangement for the conversion of isoborneol into camphene on treatment with dilute sulfuric acid.

Question

5. A solution of sucrose is fermented in a vessel until the evolution of CO2 ceases. Then, the product solution is analyzed and found to contain, 45% ethanol; 5% acetic acid; and 15% glycerin by weight. If the original charge is 500 kg, evaluate; e. The ratio of sucrose to water in the original charge (wt/wt). f. Moles of CO2 evolved. g. Maximum possible amount of ethanol that could be formed. h. Conversion efficiency. i. Per cent excess of excess reactant. Reactions: Inversion reaction: C12H22O11 + H2O →2C6H12O6 Fermentation reaction: C6H12O6 →→2C2H5OH + 2CO2 Formation of acetic acid and glycerin: C6H12O6 + C2H5OH + H₂O→ CH3COOH + 2C3H8O3

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Chapter 27.SE, Problem 16MP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

A mechanism involving a carbocation rearrangement for the conversion of isoborneol into camphene on treatment with dilute sulfuric acid is to be proposed.

Concept introduction:

The steps involving a carbocation rearrangement for the conversion of isoborneol into camphene on treatment with dilute sulfuric acid are i) Protonation of the hydroxyl group by sulfuric acid ii) Loss of water to yield a carbocation iii) Migration of a ring carbon to produce a more stable carbocation. iv) Deprotonation.

To propose:

A mechanism involving a carbocation rearrangement for the conversion of isoborneol into camphene on treatment with dilute sulfuric acid.

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5. A solution of sucrose is fermented in a vessel until the evolution of CO2 ceases. Then, the product solution is analyzed and found to contain, 45% ethanol; 5% acetic acid; and 15% glycerin by weight. If the original charge is 500 kg, evaluate; e. The ratio of sucrose to water in the original charge (wt/wt). f. Moles of CO2 evolved. g. Maximum possible amount of ethanol that could be formed. h. Conversion efficiency. i. Per cent excess of excess reactant. Reactions: Inversion reaction: C12H22O11 + H2O →2C6H12O6 Fermentation reaction: C6H12O6 →→2C2H5OH + 2CO2 Formation of acetic acid and glycerin: C6H12O6 + C2H5OH + H₂O→ CH3COOH + 2C3H8O3

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