CAMPBELL BIOLOGY-MASTERING BIO.ACCESS
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780136486787
Author: Urry
Publisher: SAVVAS L
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Chapter 27.4, Problem 1CC
Explain how molecular systematics and metagenomics have contributed to our understanding of the phylogeny and evolution of prokaryotes.
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"The cases of Henrietta Lacks and the Tuskegee Syphilis Experiment call attention to ethical violations in medical research, particularly involving underrepresented groups. Both instances raise important issues around informed consent, exploitation, and the responsibility of researchers. Biomedical ethics is grounded in principles like autonomy, beneficence, and justice. In both the Lacks case and the Tuskegee study, these principles were ignored. Henrietta Lacks’ cells were taken without her consent, and the men in the Tuskegee study were denied treatment without their knowledge. These failures in ethical oversight have caused lasting harm to the trust marginalized communities have in the medical system.
Institutional Review Boards (IRBs) are designed to ensure ethical standards in research by requiring informed consent and protecting participants from harm. However, in Lacks’ case and the Tuskegee study, no such protections were in place. These…
What are your thoughts on this subject:
"The story of Henrietta Lacks highlights critical issues in biomedical ethics, researcher responsibility, and the exploitation of marginalized communities.
Henrietta, an African American woman, had her cells taken without consent in 1951 during her treatment for cervical cancer at Johns Hopkins Hospital. These cells, known as HeLa cells, became pivotal in medical research, contributing to the development of vaccines and cancer treatments. However, Henrietta and her family were never informed or compensated for the use of her cells.
This violation of informed consent, a core principle of biomedical ethics, mirrors broader patterns of exploitation seen in historical medical studies, such as the Tuskegee Syphilis Study, where African American men were used in experiments without their consent or proper treatment. These unethical practices were often justified by racist and paternalistic attitudes, perpetuating a deep mistrust in medical…
Henrietta Lacks's cells have easily been the most important human cell line used in research in the last 70 years. HeLa cells have been sold by pharmaceutical and laboratory technology companies, creating millions or billions of dollars of revenue and have contributed to a huge host of medical advances including several vaccines. Their use has changed the course of medicine for the good. However, there was no informed consent from Henrietta or her family at the time the cells were taken. In fact, Dr. Gey, who took the original cell sample from Henrietta even initially lied and said they came from a woman named "Helen Lane." So clearly he knew that there was something unethical about his actions.
Henrietta Lacks died from the aggressive cervical cancer that the cells were harvested from. She never knew how important her cells would become. Shockingly, her family was never informed about her contributions to science and medicine until the 1973, more than 20 years after the sample was…
Chapter 27 Solutions
CAMPBELL BIOLOGY-MASTERING BIO.ACCESS
Ch. 27.1 - Describe two adaptations that enable prokaryotes...Ch. 27.1 - Contrast the cellular and DNA structures of...Ch. 27.1 - Prob. 3CCCh. 27.2 - Although rare on a per gene basis, new mutations...Ch. 27.2 - Distinguish between the three mechanisms by which...Ch. 27.2 - In a rapidly changing environment, which bacterial...Ch. 27.3 - Distinguish between the four major modes of...Ch. 27.3 - A bacterium requires only the amino acid...Ch. 27.3 - WHAT IF? Describe what you might eat for a...Ch. 27.4 - Explain how molecular systematics and metagenomics...
Ch. 27.4 - Prob. 2CCCh. 27.5 - Explain how prokaryotes, though small, can be...Ch. 27.5 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Review Figure 10.6. Then...Ch. 27.6 - Identify at least two ways that prokaryotes have...Ch. 27.6 - Prob. 2CCCh. 27.6 - Prob. 3CCCh. 27 - Describe features of prokaryotes that enable them...Ch. 27 - Mutations are rare and prokaryotes reproduce...Ch. 27 - Describe the range of prokaryotic metabolic...Ch. 27 - How have molecular data informed prokaryotic...Ch. 27 - In what ways are prokaryotes key to the survivaI...Ch. 27 - Prob. 27.6CRCh. 27 - Genetic variation in bacterial populations cannot...Ch. 27 - Photoautotrophs use (A) light as an energy source...Ch. 27 - Which of the following statements is not true? (A)...Ch. 27 - Prob. 4TYUCh. 27 - Prob. 5TYUCh. 27 - Prob. 6TYUCh. 27 - Prob. 7TYUCh. 27 - SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY INTERPRET THE DATA The...Ch. 27 - WRITE ABOUT A THEME: ENERGY In a short essay...Ch. 27 - SYNTHESIZE YOUR KNOWLEDGE Explain how the small...
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