Chapter 27, Problem 25E

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The mechanism for the given conversion reaction is to be explained.

Concept introduction:

Nucleophilic substitution reaction $\left({\text{S}}_{\text{N}}2\right)$ is a single step substitution reaction in which electron rich species substitute leaving group. The attack takes place from the back side of the electrophilic center thus an inversion of the configuration takes place. Also, there is a single transition state because bond breaking and bond making occurs simultaneously.

A nucleophile is the Lewis base that donates the electron to form a covalent bond with the electrophile.

An electrophile is the Lewis acid that accepts the electron to form a bond with the nucleophile.

The good leaving groups are the weak base. They can be an anion or neutral molecule.