African sleeping sickness or African trypanosomiasis is a disease endemic to Africa. It is caused by a flagellated protozoan, Trypanosomabrucei , and transmitted by the bite of its biological vector, the tsetse fly on human skin. The pathogenesis includes the multiplication of the T.brucei on the site where tsetse fly has attackedthe skin. After multiplying in number, these parasites enter the blood as well as lymphatic circulation and express different antigenic variations after each multiplication cycle. Due to the recurrent parasitic cycle and antibody production, subsequent involvement of the central nervous system occurs. Eventually, drooping of eyelids and sleepiness occur and cause fatality under extreme conditions.

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Definition Definition Organism that lives in the body of another organism and obtains food at the expense of the host. A parasite can directly or indirect harm the host. There are two kinds of parasites: internal and external. An internal parasite lives inside another organism and is known as an endoparasite. An external parasite lives on the body surface of the host and is known as an ectoparasite. Protozoa and helminths are examples of major human parasites.

Chapter 26, Problem 9MC

Summary Introduction

Introduction:

African sleeping sickness or African trypanosomiasis is a disease endemic to Africa. It is caused by a flagellated protozoan, Trypanosomabrucei, and transmitted by the bite of its biological vector, the tsetse fly on human skin. The pathogenesis includes the multiplication of the T.brucei on the site where tsetse fly has attackedthe skin.

After multiplying in number, these parasites enter the blood as well as lymphatic circulation and express different antigenic variations after each multiplication cycle. Due to the recurrent parasitic cycle and antibody production, subsequent involvement of the central nervous system occurs. Eventually, drooping of eyelids and sleepiness occur and cause fatality under extreme conditions.

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Question #3: In the KeyGene paper, the authors state that it would be useful if pollen from an apomict would transmit apomixis-inducing genes to the female in the cross (assuming the pollen is viable). Assuming there was just one gene conferring gametophytic obligate apomixis, and that the two parents are inbreds, what would be the consequences of such a cross if: a) The apomixis was a dominant trait? Indicate the genotypes and phenotypes (apomict or non- apomict) of the parents, F1 and F2 generations. Remember to include the expected genotypic and phenotypic ratios (or percentages) in the F1 and F2 generations, and to position the female first (left side) in the parental cross. b) The apomixis was a recessive trait? Indicate the genotypes and phenotypes (apomict or non- apomict) of the parents, F1 and F2 generations. Remember to include the expected genotypic and phenotypic ratios (or percentages) in the F1 and F2 generations, and to position the female first (left side) in the…

Question #5: Assume that two genes are identified that confer gametophytic facultative apomixis in soybean. The genes show independent assortment. Recessive alleles at both loci are required for the facultative apomixis. Facultative apomixis is triggered when the temperature at pollination is above 20 degrees C. At temperatures below 20 degrees C, all reproduction is sexual, independent of genotype. A facultative apomict male, capable of producing viable pollen, was crossed with a sexually reproducing female. Assuming the parents are completely inbred, what are the predicted phenotypic ratios (apomict: non-apomict) for the F1, F2, and DH (F1-derived) generations at each of the following temperatures*: a) 15°C? b) 25°C? *for full credit, show crosses and genotypes where appropriate. Remember to position the female first (left side) in the cross. Type your answer here:

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Definition Definition Organism that lives in the body of another organism and obtains food at the expense of the host. A parasite can directly or indirect harm the host. There are two kinds of parasites: internal and external. An internal parasite lives inside another organism and is known as an endoparasite. An external parasite lives on the body surface of the host and is known as an ectoparasite. Protozoa and helminths are examples of major human parasites.

Chapter 26, Problem 9MC

Summary Introduction

Introduction:

African sleeping sickness or African trypanosomiasis is a disease endemic to Africa. It is caused by a flagellated protozoan, Trypanosomabrucei, and transmitted by the bite of its biological vector, the tsetse fly on human skin. The pathogenesis includes the multiplication of the T.brucei on the site where tsetse fly has attackedthe skin.

After multiplying in number, these parasites enter the blood as well as lymphatic circulation and express different antigenic variations after each multiplication cycle. Due to the recurrent parasitic cycle and antibody production, subsequent involvement of the central nervous system occurs. Eventually, drooping of eyelids and sleepiness occur and cause fatality under extreme conditions.

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Answer 3

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Definition Definition Organism that lives in the body of another organism and obtains food at the expense of the host. A parasite can directly or indirect harm the host. There are two kinds of parasites: internal and external. An internal parasite lives inside another organism and is known as an endoparasite. An external parasite lives on the body surface of the host and is known as an ectoparasite. Protozoa and helminths are examples of major human parasites.

Chapter 26, Problem 9MC

Summary Introduction

Introduction:

African sleeping sickness or African trypanosomiasis is a disease endemic to Africa. It is caused by a flagellated protozoan, Trypanosomabrucei, and transmitted by the bite of its biological vector, the tsetse fly on human skin. The pathogenesis includes the multiplication of the T.brucei on the site where tsetse fly has attackedthe skin.

After multiplying in number, these parasites enter the blood as well as lymphatic circulation and express different antigenic variations after each multiplication cycle. Due to the recurrent parasitic cycle and antibody production, subsequent involvement of the central nervous system occurs. Eventually, drooping of eyelids and sleepiness occur and cause fatality under extreme conditions.

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Answer 4

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Definition Definition Organism that lives in the body of another organism and obtains food at the expense of the host. A parasite can directly or indirect harm the host. There are two kinds of parasites: internal and external. An internal parasite lives inside another organism and is known as an endoparasite. An external parasite lives on the body surface of the host and is known as an ectoparasite. Protozoa and helminths are examples of major human parasites.

Chapter 26, Problem 9MC

Summary Introduction