To determine the starting material for the biosynthesis of glutamate. Concept introduction: Essential amino acids are those amino acids which cannot be synthesized by the body via biosynthesis and thus must be taken from the outside in form of dietary protein to meet the body’s need. Those amino acids which can be synthesized by biosynthesis within the liver are termed as nonessential amino acids. The starting materials required for the biosynthesis of 10 nonessential amino acids within the human body are 3-phosphoglycerate , pyruvate, oxaloacetate, α-ketoglutarate and phenylalanine.

Question

The following table is from Kumar et. al. Highly Selective Dopamine D3 Receptor (DR) Antagonists and Partial Agonists Based on Eticlopride and the D3R Crystal Structure: New Leads for Opioid Dependence Treatment. J. Med Chem 2016.

Answer 1

Question

Chapter 26, Problem 26.88EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To determine the starting material for the biosynthesis of glutamate.

Concept introduction: Essential amino acids are those amino acids which cannot be synthesized by the body via biosynthesis and thus must be taken from the outside in form of dietary protein to meet the body’s need. Those amino acids which can be synthesized by biosynthesis within the liver are termed as nonessential amino acids.

The starting materials required for the biosynthesis of 10 nonessential amino acids within the human body are 3-phosphoglycerate, pyruvate, oxaloacetate, α-ketoglutarate and phenylalanine.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To determine the starting material for the biosynthesis of aspartate.

Concept introduction: Essential amino acids are those amino acids which cannot be synthesized by the body via biosynthesis and thus must be taken from the outside in form of dietary protein to meet the body’s need. Those amino acids which can be synthesized by biosynthesis within the liver are termed as nonessential amino acids.

The starting materials required for the biosynthesis of 10 nonessential amino acids within the human body are 3-phosphoglycerate, pyruvate, oxaloacetate, α-ketoglutarate and phenylalanine.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To determine the starting material for the biosynthesis of glycine.

Concept introduction: Essential amino acids are those amino acids which cannot be synthesized by the body via biosynthesis and thus must be taken from the outside in form of dietary protein to meet the body’s need. Those amino acids which can be synthesized by biosynthesis within the liver are termed as nonessential amino acids.

The starting materials required for the biosynthesis of 10 nonessential amino acids within the human body are 3-phosphoglycerate, pyruvate, oxaloacetate, α-ketoglutarate and phenylalanine.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To determine the starting material for the biosynthesis of glutamine.

Concept introduction: Essential amino acids are those amino acids which cannot be synthesized by the body via biosynthesis and thus must be taken from the outside in form of dietary protein to meet the body’s need. Those amino acids which can be synthesized by biosynthesis within the liver are termed as nonessential amino acids.

The starting materials required for the biosynthesis of 10 nonessential amino acids within the human body are 3-phosphoglycerate, pyruvate, oxaloacetate, α-ketoglutarate and phenylalanine.

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Answer 2

Question

Chapter 26, Problem 26.88EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To determine the starting material for the biosynthesis of glutamate.

Concept introduction: Essential amino acids are those amino acids which cannot be synthesized by the body via biosynthesis and thus must be taken from the outside in form of dietary protein to meet the body’s need. Those amino acids which can be synthesized by biosynthesis within the liver are termed as nonessential amino acids.

The starting materials required for the biosynthesis of 10 nonessential amino acids within the human body are 3-phosphoglycerate, pyruvate, oxaloacetate, α-ketoglutarate and phenylalanine.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To determine the starting material for the biosynthesis of aspartate.

Concept introduction: Essential amino acids are those amino acids which cannot be synthesized by the body via biosynthesis and thus must be taken from the outside in form of dietary protein to meet the body’s need. Those amino acids which can be synthesized by biosynthesis within the liver are termed as nonessential amino acids.

The starting materials required for the biosynthesis of 10 nonessential amino acids within the human body are 3-phosphoglycerate, pyruvate, oxaloacetate, α-ketoglutarate and phenylalanine.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To determine the starting material for the biosynthesis of glycine.

Concept introduction: Essential amino acids are those amino acids which cannot be synthesized by the body via biosynthesis and thus must be taken from the outside in form of dietary protein to meet the body’s need. Those amino acids which can be synthesized by biosynthesis within the liver are termed as nonessential amino acids.

The starting materials required for the biosynthesis of 10 nonessential amino acids within the human body are 3-phosphoglycerate, pyruvate, oxaloacetate, α-ketoglutarate and phenylalanine.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To determine the starting material for the biosynthesis of glutamine.

Concept introduction: Essential amino acids are those amino acids which cannot be synthesized by the body via biosynthesis and thus must be taken from the outside in form of dietary protein to meet the body’s need. Those amino acids which can be synthesized by biosynthesis within the liver are termed as nonessential amino acids.

The starting materials required for the biosynthesis of 10 nonessential amino acids within the human body are 3-phosphoglycerate, pyruvate, oxaloacetate, α-ketoglutarate and phenylalanine.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 26, Problem 26.88EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To determine the starting material for the biosynthesis of glutamate.

Concept introduction: Essential amino acids are those amino acids which cannot be synthesized by the body via biosynthesis and thus must be taken from the outside in form of dietary protein to meet the body’s need. Those amino acids which can be synthesized by biosynthesis within the liver are termed as nonessential amino acids.

The starting materials required for the biosynthesis of 10 nonessential amino acids within the human body are 3-phosphoglycerate, pyruvate, oxaloacetate, α-ketoglutarate and phenylalanine.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To determine the starting material for the biosynthesis of aspartate.

Concept introduction: Essential amino acids are those amino acids which cannot be synthesized by the body via biosynthesis and thus must be taken from the outside in form of dietary protein to meet the body’s need. Those amino acids which can be synthesized by biosynthesis within the liver are termed as nonessential amino acids.

The starting materials required for the biosynthesis of 10 nonessential amino acids within the human body are 3-phosphoglycerate, pyruvate, oxaloacetate, α-ketoglutarate and phenylalanine.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To determine the starting material for the biosynthesis of glycine.

Concept introduction: Essential amino acids are those amino acids which cannot be synthesized by the body via biosynthesis and thus must be taken from the outside in form of dietary protein to meet the body’s need. Those amino acids which can be synthesized by biosynthesis within the liver are termed as nonessential amino acids.

The starting materials required for the biosynthesis of 10 nonessential amino acids within the human body are 3-phosphoglycerate, pyruvate, oxaloacetate, α-ketoglutarate and phenylalanine.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To determine the starting material for the biosynthesis of glutamine.

Concept introduction: Essential amino acids are those amino acids which cannot be synthesized by the body via biosynthesis and thus must be taken from the outside in form of dietary protein to meet the body’s need. Those amino acids which can be synthesized by biosynthesis within the liver are termed as nonessential amino acids.

The starting materials required for the biosynthesis of 10 nonessential amino acids within the human body are 3-phosphoglycerate, pyruvate, oxaloacetate, α-ketoglutarate and phenylalanine.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 26, Problem 26.88EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To determine the starting material for the biosynthesis of glutamate.

Concept introduction: Essential amino acids are those amino acids which cannot be synthesized by the body via biosynthesis and thus must be taken from the outside in form of dietary protein to meet the body’s need. Those amino acids which can be synthesized by biosynthesis within the liver are termed as nonessential amino acids.

The starting materials required for the biosynthesis of 10 nonessential amino acids within the human body are 3-phosphoglycerate, pyruvate, oxaloacetate, α-ketoglutarate and phenylalanine.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To determine the starting material for the biosynthesis of aspartate.

Concept introduction: Essential amino acids are those amino acids which cannot be synthesized by the body via biosynthesis and thus must be taken from the outside in form of dietary protein to meet the body’s need. Those amino acids which can be synthesized by biosynthesis within the liver are termed as nonessential amino acids.

The starting materials required for the biosynthesis of 10 nonessential amino acids within the human body are 3-phosphoglycerate, pyruvate, oxaloacetate, α-ketoglutarate and phenylalanine.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To determine the starting material for the biosynthesis of glycine.

Concept introduction: Essential amino acids are those amino acids which cannot be synthesized by the body via biosynthesis and thus must be taken from the outside in form of dietary protein to meet the body’s need. Those amino acids which can be synthesized by biosynthesis within the liver are termed as nonessential amino acids.

The starting materials required for the biosynthesis of 10 nonessential amino acids within the human body are 3-phosphoglycerate, pyruvate, oxaloacetate, α-ketoglutarate and phenylalanine.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To determine the starting material for the biosynthesis of glutamine.

Concept introduction: Essential amino acids are those amino acids which cannot be synthesized by the body via biosynthesis and thus must be taken from the outside in form of dietary protein to meet the body’s need. Those amino acids which can be synthesized by biosynthesis within the liver are termed as nonessential amino acids.

The starting materials required for the biosynthesis of 10 nonessential amino acids within the human body are 3-phosphoglycerate, pyruvate, oxaloacetate, α-ketoglutarate and phenylalanine.

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Answer 5

Chapter 26, Problem 26.88EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To determine the starting material for the biosynthesis of glutamate.

Concept introduction: Essential amino acids are those amino acids which cannot be synthesized by the body via biosynthesis and thus must be taken from the outside in form of dietary protein to meet the body’s need. Those amino acids which can be synthesized by biosynthesis within the liver are termed as nonessential amino acids.

The starting materials required for the biosynthesis of 10 nonessential amino acids within the human body are 3-phosphoglycerate, pyruvate, oxaloacetate, α-ketoglutarate and phenylalanine.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To determine the starting material for the biosynthesis of aspartate.

Concept introduction: Essential amino acids are those amino acids which cannot be synthesized by the body via biosynthesis and thus must be taken from the outside in form of dietary protein to meet the body’s need. Those amino acids which can be synthesized by biosynthesis within the liver are termed as nonessential amino acids.

The starting materials required for the biosynthesis of 10 nonessential amino acids within the human body are 3-phosphoglycerate, pyruvate, oxaloacetate, α-ketoglutarate and phenylalanine.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To determine the starting material for the biosynthesis of glycine.

Concept introduction: Essential amino acids are those amino acids which cannot be synthesized by the body via biosynthesis and thus must be taken from the outside in form of dietary protein to meet the body’s need. Those amino acids which can be synthesized by biosynthesis within the liver are termed as nonessential amino acids.

The starting materials required for the biosynthesis of 10 nonessential amino acids within the human body are 3-phosphoglycerate, pyruvate, oxaloacetate, α-ketoglutarate and phenylalanine.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To determine the starting material for the biosynthesis of glutamine.

Concept introduction: Essential amino acids are those amino acids which cannot be synthesized by the body via biosynthesis and thus must be taken from the outside in form of dietary protein to meet the body’s need. Those amino acids which can be synthesized by biosynthesis within the liver are termed as nonessential amino acids.

The starting materials required for the biosynthesis of 10 nonessential amino acids within the human body are 3-phosphoglycerate, pyruvate, oxaloacetate, α-ketoglutarate and phenylalanine.

Answer 6

Chapter 26, Problem 26.88EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To determine the starting material for the biosynthesis of glutamate.

Concept introduction: Essential amino acids are those amino acids which cannot be synthesized by the body via biosynthesis and thus must be taken from the outside in form of dietary protein to meet the body’s need. Those amino acids which can be synthesized by biosynthesis within the liver are termed as nonessential amino acids.

The starting materials required for the biosynthesis of 10 nonessential amino acids within the human body are 3-phosphoglycerate, pyruvate, oxaloacetate, α-ketoglutarate and phenylalanine.

Answer 7

Chapter 26, Problem 26.88EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To determine the starting material for the biosynthesis of glutamate.

Concept introduction: Essential amino acids are those amino acids which cannot be synthesized by the body via biosynthesis and thus must be taken from the outside in form of dietary protein to meet the body’s need. Those amino acids which can be synthesized by biosynthesis within the liver are termed as nonessential amino acids.

The starting materials required for the biosynthesis of 10 nonessential amino acids within the human body are 3-phosphoglycerate, pyruvate, oxaloacetate, α-ketoglutarate and phenylalanine.

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To determine the starting material for the biosynthesis of aspartate.

Concept introduction: Essential amino acids are those amino acids which cannot be synthesized by the body via biosynthesis and thus must be taken from the outside in form of dietary protein to meet the body’s need. Those amino acids which can be synthesized by biosynthesis within the liver are termed as nonessential amino acids.

The starting materials required for the biosynthesis of 10 nonessential amino acids within the human body are 3-phosphoglycerate, pyruvate, oxaloacetate, α-ketoglutarate and phenylalanine.

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To determine the starting material for the biosynthesis of aspartate.

Concept introduction: Essential amino acids are those amino acids which cannot be synthesized by the body via biosynthesis and thus must be taken from the outside in form of dietary protein to meet the body’s need. Those amino acids which can be synthesized by biosynthesis within the liver are termed as nonessential amino acids.

The starting materials required for the biosynthesis of 10 nonessential amino acids within the human body are 3-phosphoglycerate, pyruvate, oxaloacetate, α-ketoglutarate and phenylalanine.

Answer 10

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To determine the starting material for the biosynthesis of glycine.

Concept introduction: Essential amino acids are those amino acids which cannot be synthesized by the body via biosynthesis and thus must be taken from the outside in form of dietary protein to meet the body’s need. Those amino acids which can be synthesized by biosynthesis within the liver are termed as nonessential amino acids.

The starting materials required for the biosynthesis of 10 nonessential amino acids within the human body are 3-phosphoglycerate, pyruvate, oxaloacetate, α-ketoglutarate and phenylalanine.

Answer 11

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To determine the starting material for the biosynthesis of glycine.

Concept introduction: Essential amino acids are those amino acids which cannot be synthesized by the body via biosynthesis and thus must be taken from the outside in form of dietary protein to meet the body’s need. Those amino acids which can be synthesized by biosynthesis within the liver are termed as nonessential amino acids.

The starting materials required for the biosynthesis of 10 nonessential amino acids within the human body are 3-phosphoglycerate, pyruvate, oxaloacetate, α-ketoglutarate and phenylalanine.

Answer 12

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To determine the starting material for the biosynthesis of glutamine.

Concept introduction: Essential amino acids are those amino acids which cannot be synthesized by the body via biosynthesis and thus must be taken from the outside in form of dietary protein to meet the body’s need. Those amino acids which can be synthesized by biosynthesis within the liver are termed as nonessential amino acids.

The starting materials required for the biosynthesis of 10 nonessential amino acids within the human body are 3-phosphoglycerate, pyruvate, oxaloacetate, α-ketoglutarate and phenylalanine.

Answer 13

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To determine the starting material for the biosynthesis of glutamine.

Concept introduction: Essential amino acids are those amino acids which cannot be synthesized by the body via biosynthesis and thus must be taken from the outside in form of dietary protein to meet the body’s need. Those amino acids which can be synthesized by biosynthesis within the liver are termed as nonessential amino acids.

The starting materials required for the biosynthesis of 10 nonessential amino acids within the human body are 3-phosphoglycerate, pyruvate, oxaloacetate, α-ketoglutarate and phenylalanine.

Answer 14

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Answer 25

Ch. 26.1 - Which of the following statements about dietary...Ch. 26.1 - Dietary protein materials as they leave the...Ch. 26.1 - The inactive form of pepsin is converted to its...Ch. 26.1 - Which of the following is not a proteolytic...Ch. 26.2 - The dominant use for the amino acids of the amino...Ch. 26.2 - The most abundant amino acid in the amino acid...Ch. 26.2 - Prob. 3QQ Ch. 26.3 - Prob. 1QQ Ch. 26.3 - Prob. 2QQ Ch. 26.3 - The net effect of transamination is to collect the...

Solution Summary: The author describes the starting materials for the biosynthesis of glutamate and aspartate.

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