Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
In citric acid cycle the eight enzyme with name that indicates the reverse reaction should be given.
Concept Introduction:
Citric Acid Cycle: It involves 8 series reaction which converts acetyl group present in acetyl coenzyme A into 2
(b)
Interpretation:
In glycolysis the enzyme with name that indicates the reverse reaction should be given.
Concept introduction:
Glycolysis: It is pathway which describes conversion of one molecule of glucose into 2
pyruvate molecules. It involves totally 10 set of reactions with it.
Protein catabolism: It is defined as breakdown of proteins into smaller units that is into amino acids gets transported finally
Citric Acid Cycle: It involves 8 series reaction which converts acetyl group present in acetyl coenzyme A into 2
Substrate: The molecule where the reaction takes place with help of enzymes.
Enzyme: The proteins that helps
Oxidation: The oxidation is reaction that involves addition of oxygen atom or loss of electrons or removal of hydrogen atom present in the chemical compound.
Reduction: It involves removal of oxygen or addition of hydrogen to the chemical compound.
Coenzyme: They are non-proteins molecules which helps enzymes for catalyzing the reaction.
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Organic Chemistry (8th Edition)
- The first step of the metabolic process known as glycolysis is the conversion of glucose to glucose- 6-phosphate. This process has a positive value for rG' Glucose + Pi Glucose-6-phosphate + H2O rG' = +13.8 kJ/mol-rxn This reaction is coupled to the hydrolysis of ATP ATP + H2O ADP + Pi rG' = -30.5 kJ/mol-rxn What is the sum of these two equations and the value of rG' for the coupled reaction? Is the coupled reaction product-favored at equilibrium?arrow_forwardPut the following substances in the correct order in which they are first encountered in the common metabolic pathway: succinate, FeSP, CO2, FADH2.arrow_forwardNADH and FADH2 can "create" ATP only if the cell can do electron transport True Falsearrow_forward
- There are eight chemical reactions that occur in the citric acid cycle process. The reactions of the citric acid cycle are shown in the figure below. You were introduced to several classes of organic reactions. These classes include esterification, decarboxylation, hydration reactions, dehydration of alcohols, oxidation of alcohols, oxidation of aldehydes, reduction of aldehydes, and reduction of ketones. Find at least one of these reaction classes in the citric acid cycle. List the reaction number and the reaction. Write a sentence or two on how you were able to make the classification.arrow_forwardAll are true of the Embden-Myerhof pathway EXCEPT Question 88 options: A) the products pyruvic acid and ATP under aerobic conditions enter the Krebb's (TCA) cycle to produce more ATP B) the products pyruvic acid and ATP under anaerobic conditions are converted to lactic acid and two additional ATP C) Cells use this pathway when they have no energy needs D) Begins with the conversion of glucose into glucose-6-phosphatearrow_forwardWhat is the substrate for pyruvate dehydrogenase? a. pyruvic acid b. water c. hydrogen d. coenzyme Aarrow_forward
- The process in which complex molecules are broken into small molecules to provide energy is known as A. translation B. catabolism C. anabolism D. transcriptionarrow_forward1a) Under aerobic conditions, what is the net production of ATP under glycolysis? a. 2 ATP b. 4 ATP c. 36 ATP d. None of the above 1b). What reaction occurs when NAD+ is converted to NADH + H+? a. Hydrolysis b. Oxidation c. Reduction d. Phosphorylatioarrow_forwardAt what point in photosynthesis is the proton motive force generated? in the light harvesting complex of photosystem I| as electrons are passed to the enzyme NADP+ reductase as electrons move between photosystem II and photosystem I in the Calvin cycle O as electrons are passed to the primary electron acceptorarrow_forward
- 6. An element used in the body in the form of ions or compounds. a. anabolism b. catabolism Oc. complete protein Od. complex carbohydrate e. macronutrient f. major mineral g. metabolism h. micronutrient Di. mineral Oj. mitochondria k. nutrition I. trace mineralarrow_forward2. These are known as metabolic reactions in which large biochemical molecules are broken down to smaller ones A. Anabolic reaction B. Catabolic reaction C. Metabolic reaction D. All of the above E. None of the abovearrow_forward1. The following reactions can be coupled in the citrate cycle. Succinyl-CoA GDP + Pi. succinate + CoA GTP AGO'= -34.0 kJ/mol AGO'= 30.5 kJ/mol a) Write the net reaction. Calculate AGº for the coupled reaction. Is the reaction favorable? b) Write the equilibrium constant in terms of reactant and product concentration. Calculate the equilibrium constant, K, for the coupled reaction at 37°C. c) If the ratio of [GTP/[GDP] in the cell is 22, the [CoA]/[succinyl-CoA] ratio is 0.20, and the [Pi] is 1.3mM, determine the [Succinate] at equilibrium. (Pay attention to concentration units) d) If the [GTP/[GDP] falls to 4.0, calculate AG', keeping all other concentrations the same. If the [GTP/[GDP] increases to 75, calculate AG', keeping all other concentrations the same. e) What conclusion can you reach about the direction of the reaction under these cellular conditions? Is this reaction reversible or irreversible?arrow_forward
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