Anatomy & Physiology
1st Edition
ISBN: 9781938168130
Author: Kelly A. Young, James A. Wise, Peter DeSaix, Dean H. Kruse, Brandon Poe, Eddie Johnson, Jody E. Johnson, Oksana Korol, J. Gordon Betts, Mark Womble
Publisher: OpenStax College
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Textbook Question
Chapter 24, Problem 5RQ
Glycolysis results in the production of two ________ molecules from a single molecule of glucose. In the absence of ________, the end product of glycolysis is ________.
- acetyl CoA, pyruvate, lactate
- ATP, carbon, pyruvate
- pyruvate, oxygen, lactate
- pyruvate, carbon, acetyl CoA
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The high energy electrons that are stripped off acetyl CoA in _________are taken to the electron transport chain. As they move through the electron transport chain, these high energy electrons are pulled to lower and lower energy levels, finally combining with ________,
chemiosmotic phosphorylation; oxygen
the fermentation pathways; carbon dioxide
ATP synthase; nitrogen
the citric acid cycle; oxygen
Glucose is a ___-carbon molecule. During glycolysis, glucose is phosphorylated and then an isomerization reaction produces fructose 6-phosphate, which is a ___ -carbon molecule. The net result of glycolysis (per glucose) is production of 2 pyruvate, which each contain ______ carbons. _________carbons from 1 pyruvate can enter the citric acid cycle as acetyl CoA. The acetyl group is combined with the______ carbons of oxaloacetate in a condensation reactions that produces citrate, a ______ -carbon molecule. Citrate is converted to isocitrate______ carbons, alpha-ketoglutarate ( _____carbons), succinyl CoA, and then succinate ( _______carbons) before several additional steps act to regenerate oxaloacetate.
The first step in the glycolysis pathway involves adding a phosphate group to glucose. The significance of this is:
to directly produce the first ATP molecule
to add negative groups to help keep glucose in the cell
to convert glucose into an enzyme
to prevent excess glucose from entering the cell
all of these
Chapter 24 Solutions
Anatomy & Physiology
Ch. 24 - A monosaccharide is formed from a polysaccharide...Ch. 24 - If anabolic reactions exceed catabolic reactions,...Ch. 24 - When NAD becomes NADH, the coenzyme has been...Ch. 24 - Anabolic reactions use energy by ________. turning...Ch. 24 - Glycolysis results in the production of two...Ch. 24 - The Krebs cycle converts ________ through a cycle...Ch. 24 - Which pathway produces the most ATP molecules?...Ch. 24 - Aerobic cellular respiration results in the...Ch. 24 - When NAD+ becomes NADH, the coenzyme has been...Ch. 24 - Lipids in the diet can be ________. broken down...
Ch. 24 - The gallbladder provides ________ that aid(s) in...Ch. 24 - Triglycerides are transported by chylomicrons...Ch. 24 - Which molecule produces the most ATP?...Ch. 24 - Which molecules can enter the Krebs cycle?...Ch. 24 - Acetyl CoA can be converted to all of the...Ch. 24 - Digestion of proteins begins in the ________ where...Ch. 24 - Amino acids are needed to ________. build new...Ch. 24 - If an amino acid is not used to create new...Ch. 24 - During the absorptive state, glucose levels are...Ch. 24 - Staivation sets in after 3 to 4 days without food....Ch. 24 - The postabsorptive state relies on stores of...Ch. 24 - The bodys temperature is controlled by the...Ch. 24 - Fever increases the body temperature and can...Ch. 24 - The heat you feel on your chair when you stand up...Ch. 24 - A crowded room warms up through the mechanism of...Ch. 24 - A deficiency in vitamin A can result in ________....Ch. 24 - Rickets results in improper bone development in...Ch. 24 - Consuming which type of food will help the most...Ch. 24 - Which of the following is stored in the body?...Ch. 24 - Describe how metabolism can be altered.Ch. 24 - Describe how Addisons disease can be treated.Ch. 24 - Explain how glucose is metabolized to yield ATP.Ch. 24 - Insulin is released when food is ingested and...Ch. 24 - Discuss how carbohydrates can be stored as fat.Ch. 24 - If a diabetics breath smeLls like alcohol, what...Ch. 24 - Amino acids are not stored in the body. Describe...Ch. 24 - Release of trypsin and chymotrypsin in their...Ch. 24 - In type II diabetes, insulin is produced but is...Ch. 24 - Ketone bodies are used as an alternative source of...Ch. 24 - How does vasoconstriction help increase the core...Ch. 24 - How can the ingestion of food increase the body...Ch. 24 - Weight loss and weight gain are complex processes....Ch. 24 - Some low-fat or non-fat foods contain a large...
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- The cholesterol synthesized by cells uses which component of the glycolytic pathway as a starting point? a. glucose b. acetyl CoA c. pyruvate d. carbon dioxidearrow_forwardWhich of the following statements best describes the products of a single molecule of Glucose, processed by Glycolysis Glycolysis produces two molecules of ATP, two molecules of NADH, and two molecules of Acetyl-CoA, per Glucose. Glycolysis produces two molecules of ATP, two molecules of NADH, and two molecules of Lactic Acid, per Glucose. Glycolysis consumes two molecules of ATP, and produces four molecules of ATP, two molecules of NADH, and two molecules of Pyruvic Acid, per Glucose. Glycolysis consumes two molecules of ATP, and produces four molecules of ATP, two molecules of NADH, and two molecules of Acetyl-CoA, per Glucose.arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements is true regarding the process of glycolysis? It both requires the input of ATP and produces ATP. It produces ATP by oxidative phosphorylation. It is an alternative to fermentation. It involves changing 1 molecule of glucose into 1 molecule of pyruvate. It occurs in the cell membranes of bacteria.arrow_forward
- Glycolysis results in the production of two ________ molecules from a single molecule of glucose. In the absence of ________, the end product of glycolysis is________.a. acetyl CoA, pyruvate, lactateb. ATP, carbon, pyruvatec. pyruvate, oxygen, lactated. pyruvate, carbon, acetyl CoAarrow_forwardGlycolysis results in the production of two ________molecules from a single molecule of glucose. In theabsence of ________, the end product of glycolysis is________.a. acetyl CoA, pyruvate, lactateb. ATP, carbon, pyruvatec. pyruvate, oxygen, lactated. pyruvate, carbon, acetyl CoAarrow_forwardCitric acid (or citrate) is an allosteric inhibitor of one of the first enzymes in glycolysis. How, in general, will it affect cellular respiration? Glycolysis will slow down when citric acid is abundant It will compete with glucose for the active site of the enzyme. It will stop the citric acid cycle when pyruvate is abundant. All of the abovearrow_forward
- Which of the following is/are NOT produced in glycolysis? NADH Pyruvate ATP Acetyl CoA FADH2arrow_forwardIn the conversion of G3P into pyruvate at the end of glycolysis, which of the following does NOT occur? electron carriers are reduced inorganic phosphate is added to the carbon structure substrate level phosphorylation resulting in ADP à ATP carbon is released as CO2arrow_forwardWhich of the following accurately describes the enzymatic regulation of glycolysis? Glycolytic enzymes maintain a steady-state [ATP]; ATP activates the pathway, ADP and AMP inhibit it. Glycolytic enzymes maintain a steady-state [ATP]; ADP and AMP activate the pathway, ATP inhibits it. Glycolytic enzymes maintain ATP hydrolysis at equilibrium (AG = 0); ATP activates the pathway, ADP and AMP inhibit it. Glycolytic enzymes maintain ATP hydrolysis at equilibrium (AG = 0); ADP and AMP activate the pathway, ATP inhibits it.arrow_forward
- Which of the following correctly describes ATP usage in gluconeogenesis and glycolysis? O ATP is consumed by gluconeogenesis and produced by glycolysis. O ATP is consumed by both gluconeogenesis and glycolysis. O ATP is produced by gluconeogenesis and consumed by glycolysis. O ATP is produced by both gluconeogenesis and glycolysis. • Previous Nextarrow_forwardWhy are anaerobic conditions necessary for the production of lactic acid in the fermentation of sauerkraut? (choose all that apply) V Some organisms can switch their metabolic processes from using oxygen as the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain to using lactic acid as their means of regenerating NAD for use in glycolysis. In the presence of oxygen, these same organisms can produce carbon dioxide and ATP as their end products. Organisms that can switch between aerobic and anaerobic cell respiration are called facultative anaerobes. some organisms cannot grow in low pH environments Some organisms cannot grow in the presence of oxygen some organisms can complete the Krebs cycle in the absence of oxygen, and they produce ethanol and carbon dioxide O Even with the high salt concentration of the brine, if enough oxygen is present, spoilage organisms can grow. none of these choices are correct O some organisms cannot grow in the presence of 2% salt O some organisms…arrow_forwardFor every molecule of glucose produced, gluconeogenesis consumes: O2 ATP and 2 NADH ☐ 4 ATP and 1 NADH ☐ 6 ATP and 2 NADH 4 ATP and O NADHarrow_forward
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