Anatomy & Physiology
1st Edition
ISBN: 9781938168130
Author: Kelly A. Young, James A. Wise, Peter DeSaix, Dean H. Kruse, Brandon Poe, Eddie Johnson, Jody E. Johnson, Oksana Korol, J. Gordon Betts, Mark Womble
Publisher: OpenStax College
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Textbook Question
Chapter 24, Problem 38CTQ
In type II diabetes, insulin is produced but is nonfunctional. These patients are described as “starving in a sea of plenty,” because their blood glucose levels are high, but none of die glucose is transported into the cells. Describe how this leads to malnutrition.
Expert Solution & Answer
Trending nowThis is a popular solution!
Students have asked these similar questions
In type II diabetes, insulin is produced but is nonfunctional. These individuals are described as “starving in the sea of plenty” because their blood glucose levels are high, but none of the glucose is transported into the cells. Describe how this leads to malnutrition.
Many diabetics do not respond to insulin because of a deficiency of insulin receptors on their cells. How does this aff ect (a) the levels of circulating glucose immediately after a meal and (b) the rate of glycogen synthesis in muscle?
Given insulin's structure, where is its target likely
located?
Insulin's adverse side effects include headache, nau-
sea, hunger, confusion and weakness. What can these
symptoms be attributed to?
Insulin has major effects on muscle and adipose tissue. It increases the rate of glucose transport
across the cell membrane, decreases the rate of lipolysis, and increases uptake of triglycerides and
some amino acids from the blood. In doing so, what metabolic processes does it favor?
Carbohydrates:
Lipids:
Proteins:
Chapter 24 Solutions
Anatomy & Physiology
Ch. 24 - A monosaccharide is formed from a polysaccharide...Ch. 24 - If anabolic reactions exceed catabolic reactions,...Ch. 24 - When NAD becomes NADH, the coenzyme has been...Ch. 24 - Anabolic reactions use energy by ________. turning...Ch. 24 - Glycolysis results in the production of two...Ch. 24 - The Krebs cycle converts ________ through a cycle...Ch. 24 - Which pathway produces the most ATP molecules?...Ch. 24 - Aerobic cellular respiration results in the...Ch. 24 - When NAD+ becomes NADH, the coenzyme has been...Ch. 24 - Lipids in the diet can be ________. broken down...
Ch. 24 - The gallbladder provides ________ that aid(s) in...Ch. 24 - Triglycerides are transported by chylomicrons...Ch. 24 - Which molecule produces the most ATP?...Ch. 24 - Which molecules can enter the Krebs cycle?...Ch. 24 - Acetyl CoA can be converted to all of the...Ch. 24 - Digestion of proteins begins in the ________ where...Ch. 24 - Amino acids are needed to ________. build new...Ch. 24 - If an amino acid is not used to create new...Ch. 24 - During the absorptive state, glucose levels are...Ch. 24 - Staivation sets in after 3 to 4 days without food....Ch. 24 - The postabsorptive state relies on stores of...Ch. 24 - The bodys temperature is controlled by the...Ch. 24 - Fever increases the body temperature and can...Ch. 24 - The heat you feel on your chair when you stand up...Ch. 24 - A crowded room warms up through the mechanism of...Ch. 24 - A deficiency in vitamin A can result in ________....Ch. 24 - Rickets results in improper bone development in...Ch. 24 - Consuming which type of food will help the most...Ch. 24 - Which of the following is stored in the body?...Ch. 24 - Describe how metabolism can be altered.Ch. 24 - Describe how Addisons disease can be treated.Ch. 24 - Explain how glucose is metabolized to yield ATP.Ch. 24 - Insulin is released when food is ingested and...Ch. 24 - Discuss how carbohydrates can be stored as fat.Ch. 24 - If a diabetics breath smeLls like alcohol, what...Ch. 24 - Amino acids are not stored in the body. Describe...Ch. 24 - Release of trypsin and chymotrypsin in their...Ch. 24 - In type II diabetes, insulin is produced but is...Ch. 24 - Ketone bodies are used as an alternative source of...Ch. 24 - How does vasoconstriction help increase the core...Ch. 24 - How can the ingestion of food increase the body...Ch. 24 - Weight loss and weight gain are complex processes....Ch. 24 - Some low-fat or non-fat foods contain a large...
Additional Science Textbook Solutions
Find more solutions based on key concepts
Unreasonable Results (a) Find the maximum range of a super cannon that has a muzzle velocity of 4.0 km/s. (b) W...
College Physics
3. Trails that are derived from a common ancestor, like the bones of human arms and bird wings, are said to be_...
Biological Science
4. How do gross anatomy and microscopic anatomy differ?
Human Anatomy & Physiology
Fibrous connective tissue consists of ground substance and fibers that provide strength, support, and flexibili...
Human Biology: Concepts and Current Issues (8th Edition)
How can the freezing of water crack boulders?
Campbell Biology in Focus
How do you think a cell performing cellular respiration rids itself of the resulting CO2?
Campbell Biology in Focus (2nd Edition)
Knowledge Booster
Similar questions
- The hormones insulin and glucagon play an important role in the regulation of plasma glucose.a) Discuss the antagonistic actions of the hormones insulin and glucagon in regulating blood glucose levels within a narrow physiological range.arrow_forwardSuppose you are an intern working in a small rural emergency room in Bumblescum, SC. Your hospital is short on nurses and you have to prepare IV fluids for all of your patients. One of your patients is suffering from an insulin overdose and you are trying to regulate her blood sugar back to normal. You decide to administer an intravenous drip of 5% dextrose over an extended period with monitoring. Normally IV bags containing 5% dextrose are available, but due the current healthcare crisis the hospital administrators have decided to order standard bags of 0.9% NaCl. This means you will need to remove a calculated volume of the 0.9% NaCl from the bag and add back the calculated volume of dextrose. A container of 50% dextrose is available in the ER stockroom. How much of the 50% dextrose should be added to the bag if the total IV bag volume will be 1000 mL and a 5% solution is desired?arrow_forwardMutations in glucokinase which lower the kcat for the enzyme or elevate the Km for glucose result in mild to moderate elevation of blood glucose. Explain how these mutations cause diabetes-like symptoms in patients.arrow_forward
- Eating non-fibrous carbohydrates can cause a cycle of glucose dependenceand hunger represented by a glucose crash. Explain this situation showing the levels of insulin and blood glucose under this situationarrow_forwardIs glycogen is broken down to release glucose. True or false. Explain.arrow_forwardNon-alcoholic fatty liver disease has been linked to high-sugar diets. Explain?arrow_forward
- There are two types of diabetes. Mention their symptoms and causes.arrow_forwardGlycogen depletion resulting from intense, extensive exercise can lead to exhaustion and the inability to continue exercising. Some people also experience dizziness, an inability to concentrate, and a loss of muscle control. Account for these symptoms.arrow_forwardAbnormal triglyceride accumulation in the liver (hepatic steatosis) leads to insulin resistance, which is trademark trigger of type 2 diabetes. Insulin-resistant hepatocytes perform gluconeogenesis even in the presence of high blood glucose levels, which exacerbates the hyperglycemia. These insulin-resistant cells also perform excessive b-oxidation, which can lead to ketoacidosis. Insulin normally suppresses lipolysis, and thus insulin-resistant adipocytes release too many fatty acids into circulation, many of which are taken up by hepatocytes and esterified into triglyceride. Thus, insulin resistance further exacerbates hepatic steatosis, which will in turn worsen insulin resistance in the liver. Given this vicious cycle, abatement of hepatic steatosis is one of the mainstays of diabetes treatment. Metformin is one such treatment and works by activating fatty acid degradation and inhibiting fatty acid synthesis. Which of the following could be the mechanism of action of metformin? (A)…arrow_forward
- Discuss the mechanism of action of insulin in maintaining the homeostasis of blood sugar in a normal human body.arrow_forwardMrs. Salma, a 55-year-old diabetic patient, experiences slow wound healing and peripheral neuropathy. Investigation reveals alterations in the Pentose Phosphate Pathway. How might dysregulation in the PPP contribute to complications such as slow wound healing and peripheral neuropathy in diabetic patients? Impaired nucleotide synthesis. Elevated insulin sensitivity. Lactic acid accumulation. Reduced oxidative stress.arrow_forwardExplain why type 1 diabetics require insulin injections, whereas insulin injections are effective in only a portion of type 2 diabetics.arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Biology 2eBiologyISBN:9781947172517Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann ClarkPublisher:OpenStax
Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap ...BiologyISBN:9781285866932Author:Lauralee SherwoodPublisher:Cengage Learning
Biology 2e
Biology
ISBN:9781947172517
Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark
Publisher:OpenStax
Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap ...
Biology
ISBN:9781285866932
Author:Lauralee Sherwood
Publisher:Cengage Learning