
Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation: The aldol product that is formed by the reaction of the two molecules of butanal in the presence of base is to be shown. The reagents that are needed to convert the obtained product to the given compound are to be predicted.
Concept introduction: Aldol reaction is the condensation reaction of the

Answer to Problem 24.9P
The aldol product that is formed by the reaction of the two molecules of butanal in the presence of base is
Explanation of Solution
The aldol product that is formed by the reaction of the two molecules of butanal in the presence of base is shown as,
Figure 1
In this reaction, first of all, one equivalent of butanal is treated with the strong base that results in the formation of a resonance-stabilized enolate ion. This enolate ion reacts with the second equivalent of butanal followed by the hydrolysis that leads to the formation of the desired product,
The reagents that are needed to convert
Figure 2
Thus, the reagent that is needed to convert
The aldol product that is formed by the reaction of the two molecules of butanal in the presence of base is
(b)
Interpretation: The aldol product that is formed by the reaction of the two molecules of butanal in the presence of base is to be shown. The reagents that are needed to convert the obtained product to the given compound are to be predicted.
Concept introduction: Aldol reaction is the condensation reaction of the organic chemistry. In this reaction an enolate ion or an enol reacts with the carbonyl compound that leads to the formation of

Answer to Problem 24.9P
The aldol product that is formed by the reaction of the two molecules of butanal in the presence of base is
Explanation of Solution
The aldol product that is formed by the reaction of the two molecules of butanal in the presence of base is shown in Figure 1.
In this reaction, first of all, one equivalent of butanal is treated with the strong base that results in the formation of a resonance-stabilized enolate ion. This enolate ion reacts with the second equivalent of butanal followed by the hydrolysis that leads to the formation of the desired product,
The reagents that are needed to convert
Figure 3
In this reaction,
The aldol product that is formed by the reaction of the two molecules of butanal in the presence of base is
(c)
Interpretation: The aldol product that is formed by the reaction of the two molecules of butanal in the presence of base is to be shown. The reagents that are needed to convert the obtained product to the given compound are to be predicted.
Concept introduction: Aldol reaction is the condensation reaction of the organic chemistry. In this reaction an enolate ion or an enol reacts with the carbonyl compound that leads to the formation of

Answer to Problem 24.9P
The aldol product that is formed by the reaction of the two molecules of butanal in the presence of base is
Explanation of Solution
The aldol product that is formed by the reaction of the two molecules of butanal in the presence of base is shown in Figure 1.
In this reaction, first of all, one equivalent of butanal is treated with the strong base that results in the formation of a resonance-stabilized enolate ion. This enolate ion reacts with the second equivalent of butanal followed by the hydrolysis that leads to the formation of the desired product,
The reagents that are needed to convert
Figure 4
In this reaction,
The aldol product that is formed by the reaction of the two molecules of butanal in the presence of base is
(d)
Interpretation: The aldol product that is formed by the reaction of the two molecules of butanal in the presence of base is to be shown. The reagents that are needed to convert the obtained product to the given compound are to be predicted.
Concept introduction: Aldol reaction is the condensation reaction of the organic chemistry. In this reaction an enolate ion or an enol reacts with the carbonyl compound that leads to the formation of

Answer to Problem 24.9P
The aldol product that is formed by the reaction of the two molecules of butanal in the presence of base is
Explanation of Solution
The aldol product that is formed by the reaction of the two molecules of butanal in the presence of base is shown in Figure 1.
In this reaction, first of all, one equivalent of butanal is treated with the strong base that results in the formation of a resonance-stabilized enolate ion. This enolate ion reacts with the second equivalent of butanal followed by the hydrolysis that leads to the formation of the desired product,
The reagents that are needed to convert
Figure 5
In this reaction,
The aldol product that is formed by the reaction of the two molecules of butanal in the presence of base is
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Chapter 24 Solutions
Organic Chemistry
- + C8H16O2 (Fatty acid) + 11 02 → 8 CO2 a. Which of the above are the reactants? b. Which of the above are the products? H2o CO₂ c. Which reactant is the electron donor? Futty acid d. Which reactant is the electron acceptor? e. Which of the product is now reduced? f. Which of the products is now oxidized? 02 #20 102 8 H₂O g. Where was the carbon initially in this chemical reaction and where is it now that it is finished? 2 h. Where were the electrons initially in this chemical reaction and where is it now that it is finished?arrow_forward→ Acetyl-CoA + 3NAD+ + 1FAD + 1ADP 2CO2 + CoA + 3NADH + 1FADH2 + 1ATP a. Which of the above are the reactants? b. Which of the above are the products? c. Which reactant is the electron donor? d. Which reactants are the electron acceptors? e. Which of the products are now reduced? f. Which product is now oxidized? g. Which process was used to produce the ATP? h. Where was the energy initially in this chemical reaction and where is it now that it is finished? i. Where was the carbon initially in this chemical reaction and where is it now that it is finished? j. Where were the electrons initially in this chemical reaction and where is it now that it is finished?arrow_forwardRank each of the following substituted benzene molecules in order of which will react fastest (1) to slowest (4) by electrophilic aromatic substitution. OCH 3 (Choose one) OH (Choose one) Br (Choose one) Explanation Check NO2 (Choose one) © 2025 McGraw Hill LLC. All Rights Reserved. Terms of Use | Privacy Center | Aarrow_forward
- For each of the substituted benzene molecules below, determine the inductive and resonance effects the substituent will have on the benzene ring, as well as the overall electron-density of the ring compared to unsubstituted benzene. Molecule Inductive Effects O donating O withdrawing O no inductive effects Resonance Effects Overall Electron-Density ○ donating ○ withdrawing O no resonance effects O electron-rich O electron-deficient O similar to benzene Cl O donating O withdrawing ○ donating ○ withdrawing O no inductive effects O no resonance effects O Explanation Check O electron-rich O electron-deficient similar to benzene X © 2025 McGraw Hill LLC. All Rights Reserved. Terms of Use | Privacy Center | Accessarrow_forwardIdentifying electron-donating and For each of the substituted benzene molecules below, determine the inductive and resonance effects the substituent will have on the benzene ring, as well as the overall electron-density of the ring compared to unsubstituted benzene. Molecule Inductive Effects NH2 ○ donating NO2 Explanation Check withdrawing no inductive effects Resonance Effects Overall Electron-Density ○ donating O withdrawing O no resonance effects O donating O withdrawing O donating withdrawing O no inductive effects Ono resonance effects O electron-rich electron-deficient O similar to benzene O electron-rich O electron-deficient O similar to benzene olo 18 Ar 2025 McGraw Hill LLC. All Rights Reserved. Terms of Use | Privacy Center | Accessibilityarrow_forwardRank each of the following substituted benzene molecules in order of which will react fastest (1) to slowest (4) by electrophilic aromatic substitution. Explanation Check Х (Choose one) OH (Choose one) OCH3 (Choose one) OH (Choose one) © 2025 McGraw Hill LLC. All Rights Reserved. Terms of Use | Privacy Centerarrow_forward
- Assign R or S to all the chiral centers in each compound drawn below porat bg 9 Br Brarrow_forwarddescrive the energy levels of an atom and howan electron moces between themarrow_forwardRank each set of substituents using the Cahn-Ingold-Perlog sequence rules (priority) by numbering the highest priority substituent 1.arrow_forward
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