The name of the given compound has to be given. Concept introduction: According to IUPAC nomenclature , the naming of compound is determined by the priority of the functional group if more than one functional group is present. The carbon attached to the functional group having most priority should get the least number while naming the compound. The order of priority is, carboxylic acid>esters>amides>aldehydes>ketones> alcolhols>thiols> amines > ethers>alkenes>alkyl halides>alkanes Amines are the derivatives of ammonia ( N H 3 ) with one or more of the hydrogens replaced with a substituent such as an alkyl group. Depending on the number of carbon side chain of the amide, different types of amides can form. From the name of the compound its structure can be determined. Primary amines can be named in the IUPAC system in several ways, For simple amines the suffix – amine is added to the name of the alkyl substituent. The suffix-amine can be used in place of the final –e in the name of the parent compound. For a secondary amine an N prefixes the compound giving the shorter carbon chain and its chain prefix name. For a tertiary amine an N, N prefixes the compound giving the two shorter carbon chains and their side chain prefix names. Carboxylic acid : One − O H group is attached to the carbonyl carbon atom of the compound. It is represented as R C O O H The IUPAC name for the carboxylic acid is written by replacing the ‘e’ of alkane to ‘oic acid’. If the compound contains amine and a functional group that has higher precedence than the amine group, then the amine group should be indicated with the prefix “amino” R and S nomenclature: it is used to assign the molecule using CIP rules. According to Cahn-Ingold-Prelog system, The group attached to asymmetric center should be ranked based on the atomic number of atom which directly connected to asymmetric center. The higher the atomic number of atom, higher the priority. If there is tie, then consider the next atoms attached to the connected atom and so on. Check the direction of arrow drawn in the direction of decreasing priority. If the arrow points clockwise direction, then the atom has R configuration. If the arrow points counterclockwise direction, then the atom has S configuration. If the group with lowest priority is not bonded by a hatched wedge, then interchange this group (lowest priority) by group bonded to hatched wedge and draw the arrow in priority order but the configuration is assigned as just reverse.

Question

The emission data in cps displayed in Table 1 is reported to two decimal places by the chemist. However, the instrument output is shown in Table 2. Table 2. Iron emission from ICP-AES Sample Blank Standard Emission, cps 579.503252562 9308340.13122 Unknown Sample 343.232365741 Did the chemist make the correct choice in how they choose to display the data up in Table 1? Choose the best explanation from the choices below. No. Since the instrument calculates 12 digits for all values, they should all be kept and not truncated. Doing so would eliminate significant information. No. Since the instrument calculates 5 decimal places for the standard, all of the values should be limited to the same number. The other decimal places are not significant for the blank and unknown sample. Yes. The way Saman made the standards was limited by the 250-mL volumetric flask. This glassware can report values to 2 decimal places, and this establishes our number of significant figures. Yes. Instrumental data…

Answer 1

Question

Chapter 23.2, Problem 23.4P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The name of the given compound has to be given.

Concept introduction:

According to IUPAC nomenclature, the naming of compound is determined by the priority of the functional group if more than one functional group is present. The carbon attached to the functional group having most priority should get the least number while naming the compound.

The order of priority is,

carboxylic acid>esters>amides>aldehydes>ketones> alcolhols>thiols> amines > ethers>alkenes>alkyl halides>alkanes

Amines are the derivatives of ammonia (NH3) with one or more of the hydrogens replaced with a substituent such as an alkyl group.

Depending on the number of carbon side chain of the amide, different types of amides can form.

From the name of the compound its structure can be determined.

Primary amines can be named in the IUPAC system in several ways,

For simple amines the suffix – amine is added to the name of the alkyl substituent.

The suffix-amine can be used in place of the final –e in the name of the parent compound.

For a secondary amine an N prefixes the compound giving the shorter carbon chain and its chain prefix name.

For a tertiary amine an N, N prefixes the compound giving the two shorter carbon chains and their side chain prefix names.

Carboxylic acid: One −OH group is attached to the carbonyl carbon atom of the compound. It is represented as RCOOH

The IUPAC name for the carboxylic acid is written by replacing the ‘e’ of alkane to ‘oic acid’.

If the compound contains amine and a functional group that has higher precedence than the amine group, then the amine group should be indicated with the prefix “amino”

R and S nomenclature: it is used to assign the molecule using CIP rules.

According to Cahn-Ingold-Prelog system,

The group attached to asymmetric center should be ranked based on the atomic number of atom which directly connected to asymmetric center. The higher the atomic number of atom, higher the priority. If there is tie, then consider the next atoms attached to the connected atom and so on.

Check the direction of arrow drawn in the direction of decreasing priority. If the arrow points clockwise direction, then the atom has R configuration. If the arrow points counterclockwise direction, then the atom has S configuration. If the group with lowest priority is not bonded by a hatched wedge, then interchange this group (lowest priority) by group bonded to hatched wedge and draw the arrow in priority order but the configuration is assigned as just reverse.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The name of the given compound has to be given.

Concept introduction:

According to IUPAC nomenclature, the naming of compound is determined by the priority of the functional group if more than one functional group is present. The carbon attached to the functional group having most priority should get the least number while naming the compound.

The order of priority is,

carboxylic acid>esters>amides>aldehydes>ketones> alcolhols>thiols> amines > ethers>alkenes>alkyl halides>alkanes

Amines are the derivatives of ammonia (NH3) with one or more of the hydrogens replaced with a substituent such as an alkyl group.

Depending on the number of carbon side chain of the amide, different types of amides can form.

From the name of the compound its structure can be determined.

Primary amines can be named in the IUPAC system in several ways,

For simple amines the suffix – amine is added to the name of the alkyl substituent.

The suffix-amine can be used in place of the final –e in the name of the parent compound.

For a secondary amine an N prefixes the compound giving the shorter carbon chain and its chain prefix name.

For a tertiary amine an N, N prefixes the compound giving the two shorter carbon chains and their side chain prefix names.

Carboxylic acid: One −OH group is attached to the carbonyl carbon atom of the compound. It is represented as RCOOH

The IUPAC name for the carboxylic acid is written by replacing the ‘e’ of alkane to ‘oic acid’.

If the compound contains amine and a functional group that has higher precedence than the amine group, then the amine group should be indicated with the prefix “amino”

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The name of the given compound has to be given.

Concept introduction:

According to IUPAC nomenclature, the naming of compound is determined by the priority of the functional group if more than one functional group is present. The carbon attached to the functional group having most priority should get the least number while naming the compound.

The order of priority is,

carboxylic acid>esters>amides>aldehydes>ketones> alcolhols>thiols> amines > ethers>alkenes>alkyl halides>alkanes

Amines are the derivatives of ammonia (NH3) with one or more of the hydrogens replaced with a substituent such as an alkyl group.

Depending on the number of carbon side chain of the amide, different types of amides can form.

From the name of the compound its structure can be determined.

Primary amines can be named in the IUPAC system in several ways,

For simple amines the suffix – amine is added to the name of the alkyl substituent.

The suffix-amine can be used in place of the final –e in the name of the parent compound.

For a secondary amine an N prefixes the compound giving the shorter carbon chain and its chain prefix name.

For a tertiary amine an N, N prefixes the compound giving the two shorter carbon chains and their side chain prefix names.

Carboxylic acid: One −OH group is attached to the carbonyl carbon atom of the compound. It is represented as RCOOH

The IUPAC name for the carboxylic acid is written by replacing the ‘e’ of alkane to ‘oic acid’.

If the compound contains amine and a functional group that has higher precedence than the amine group, then the amine group should be indicated with the prefix “amino”

Common name of amine:

Alkyl groups attached to nitrogen atom of amine group must follow alphabetical order with the suffix “-amine”.

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The emission data in cps displayed in Table 1 is reported to two decimal places by the chemist. However, the instrument output is shown in Table 2. Table 2. Iron emission from ICP-AES Sample Blank Standard Emission, cps 579.503252562 9308340.13122 Unknown Sample 343.232365741 Did the chemist make the correct choice in how they choose to display the data up in Table 1? Choose the best explanation from the choices below. No. Since the instrument calculates 12 digits for all values, they should all be kept and not truncated. Doing so would eliminate significant information. No. Since the instrument calculates 5 decimal places for the standard, all of the values should be limited to the same number. The other decimal places are not significant for the blank and unknown sample. Yes. The way Saman made the standards was limited by the 250-mL volumetric flask. This glassware can report values to 2 decimal places, and this establishes our number of significant figures. Yes. Instrumental data…

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Answer 2

Question

Chapter 23.2, Problem 23.4P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The name of the given compound has to be given.

Concept introduction:

According to IUPAC nomenclature, the naming of compound is determined by the priority of the functional group if more than one functional group is present. The carbon attached to the functional group having most priority should get the least number while naming the compound.

The order of priority is,

carboxylic acid>esters>amides>aldehydes>ketones> alcolhols>thiols> amines > ethers>alkenes>alkyl halides>alkanes

Amines are the derivatives of ammonia (NH3) with one or more of the hydrogens replaced with a substituent such as an alkyl group.

Depending on the number of carbon side chain of the amide, different types of amides can form.

From the name of the compound its structure can be determined.

Primary amines can be named in the IUPAC system in several ways,

For simple amines the suffix – amine is added to the name of the alkyl substituent.

The suffix-amine can be used in place of the final –e in the name of the parent compound.

For a secondary amine an N prefixes the compound giving the shorter carbon chain and its chain prefix name.

For a tertiary amine an N, N prefixes the compound giving the two shorter carbon chains and their side chain prefix names.

Carboxylic acid: One −OH group is attached to the carbonyl carbon atom of the compound. It is represented as RCOOH

The IUPAC name for the carboxylic acid is written by replacing the ‘e’ of alkane to ‘oic acid’.

If the compound contains amine and a functional group that has higher precedence than the amine group, then the amine group should be indicated with the prefix “amino”

R and S nomenclature: it is used to assign the molecule using CIP rules.

According to Cahn-Ingold-Prelog system,

The group attached to asymmetric center should be ranked based on the atomic number of atom which directly connected to asymmetric center. The higher the atomic number of atom, higher the priority. If there is tie, then consider the next atoms attached to the connected atom and so on.

Check the direction of arrow drawn in the direction of decreasing priority. If the arrow points clockwise direction, then the atom has R configuration. If the arrow points counterclockwise direction, then the atom has S configuration. If the group with lowest priority is not bonded by a hatched wedge, then interchange this group (lowest priority) by group bonded to hatched wedge and draw the arrow in priority order but the configuration is assigned as just reverse.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The name of the given compound has to be given.

Concept introduction:

According to IUPAC nomenclature, the naming of compound is determined by the priority of the functional group if more than one functional group is present. The carbon attached to the functional group having most priority should get the least number while naming the compound.

The order of priority is,

carboxylic acid>esters>amides>aldehydes>ketones> alcolhols>thiols> amines > ethers>alkenes>alkyl halides>alkanes

Amines are the derivatives of ammonia (NH3) with one or more of the hydrogens replaced with a substituent such as an alkyl group.

Depending on the number of carbon side chain of the amide, different types of amides can form.

From the name of the compound its structure can be determined.

Primary amines can be named in the IUPAC system in several ways,

For simple amines the suffix – amine is added to the name of the alkyl substituent.

The suffix-amine can be used in place of the final –e in the name of the parent compound.

For a secondary amine an N prefixes the compound giving the shorter carbon chain and its chain prefix name.

For a tertiary amine an N, N prefixes the compound giving the two shorter carbon chains and their side chain prefix names.

Carboxylic acid: One −OH group is attached to the carbonyl carbon atom of the compound. It is represented as RCOOH

The IUPAC name for the carboxylic acid is written by replacing the ‘e’ of alkane to ‘oic acid’.

If the compound contains amine and a functional group that has higher precedence than the amine group, then the amine group should be indicated with the prefix “amino”

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The name of the given compound has to be given.

Concept introduction:

According to IUPAC nomenclature, the naming of compound is determined by the priority of the functional group if more than one functional group is present. The carbon attached to the functional group having most priority should get the least number while naming the compound.

The order of priority is,

carboxylic acid>esters>amides>aldehydes>ketones> alcolhols>thiols> amines > ethers>alkenes>alkyl halides>alkanes

Amines are the derivatives of ammonia (NH3) with one or more of the hydrogens replaced with a substituent such as an alkyl group.

Depending on the number of carbon side chain of the amide, different types of amides can form.

From the name of the compound its structure can be determined.

Primary amines can be named in the IUPAC system in several ways,

For simple amines the suffix – amine is added to the name of the alkyl substituent.

The suffix-amine can be used in place of the final –e in the name of the parent compound.

For a secondary amine an N prefixes the compound giving the shorter carbon chain and its chain prefix name.

For a tertiary amine an N, N prefixes the compound giving the two shorter carbon chains and their side chain prefix names.

Carboxylic acid: One −OH group is attached to the carbonyl carbon atom of the compound. It is represented as RCOOH

The IUPAC name for the carboxylic acid is written by replacing the ‘e’ of alkane to ‘oic acid’.

If the compound contains amine and a functional group that has higher precedence than the amine group, then the amine group should be indicated with the prefix “amino”

Common name of amine:

Alkyl groups attached to nitrogen atom of amine group must follow alphabetical order with the suffix “-amine”.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 23.2, Problem 23.4P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The name of the given compound has to be given.

Concept introduction:

According to IUPAC nomenclature, the naming of compound is determined by the priority of the functional group if more than one functional group is present. The carbon attached to the functional group having most priority should get the least number while naming the compound.

The order of priority is,

carboxylic acid>esters>amides>aldehydes>ketones> alcolhols>thiols> amines > ethers>alkenes>alkyl halides>alkanes

Amines are the derivatives of ammonia (NH3) with one or more of the hydrogens replaced with a substituent such as an alkyl group.

Depending on the number of carbon side chain of the amide, different types of amides can form.

From the name of the compound its structure can be determined.

Primary amines can be named in the IUPAC system in several ways,

For simple amines the suffix – amine is added to the name of the alkyl substituent.

The suffix-amine can be used in place of the final –e in the name of the parent compound.

For a secondary amine an N prefixes the compound giving the shorter carbon chain and its chain prefix name.

For a tertiary amine an N, N prefixes the compound giving the two shorter carbon chains and their side chain prefix names.

Carboxylic acid: One −OH group is attached to the carbonyl carbon atom of the compound. It is represented as RCOOH

The IUPAC name for the carboxylic acid is written by replacing the ‘e’ of alkane to ‘oic acid’.

If the compound contains amine and a functional group that has higher precedence than the amine group, then the amine group should be indicated with the prefix “amino”

R and S nomenclature: it is used to assign the molecule using CIP rules.

According to Cahn-Ingold-Prelog system,

The group attached to asymmetric center should be ranked based on the atomic number of atom which directly connected to asymmetric center. The higher the atomic number of atom, higher the priority. If there is tie, then consider the next atoms attached to the connected atom and so on.

Check the direction of arrow drawn in the direction of decreasing priority. If the arrow points clockwise direction, then the atom has R configuration. If the arrow points counterclockwise direction, then the atom has S configuration. If the group with lowest priority is not bonded by a hatched wedge, then interchange this group (lowest priority) by group bonded to hatched wedge and draw the arrow in priority order but the configuration is assigned as just reverse.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The name of the given compound has to be given.

Concept introduction:

According to IUPAC nomenclature, the naming of compound is determined by the priority of the functional group if more than one functional group is present. The carbon attached to the functional group having most priority should get the least number while naming the compound.

The order of priority is,

carboxylic acid>esters>amides>aldehydes>ketones> alcolhols>thiols> amines > ethers>alkenes>alkyl halides>alkanes

Amines are the derivatives of ammonia (NH3) with one or more of the hydrogens replaced with a substituent such as an alkyl group.

Depending on the number of carbon side chain of the amide, different types of amides can form.

From the name of the compound its structure can be determined.

Primary amines can be named in the IUPAC system in several ways,

For simple amines the suffix – amine is added to the name of the alkyl substituent.

The suffix-amine can be used in place of the final –e in the name of the parent compound.

For a secondary amine an N prefixes the compound giving the shorter carbon chain and its chain prefix name.

For a tertiary amine an N, N prefixes the compound giving the two shorter carbon chains and their side chain prefix names.

Carboxylic acid: One −OH group is attached to the carbonyl carbon atom of the compound. It is represented as RCOOH

The IUPAC name for the carboxylic acid is written by replacing the ‘e’ of alkane to ‘oic acid’.

If the compound contains amine and a functional group that has higher precedence than the amine group, then the amine group should be indicated with the prefix “amino”

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The name of the given compound has to be given.

Concept introduction:

According to IUPAC nomenclature, the naming of compound is determined by the priority of the functional group if more than one functional group is present. The carbon attached to the functional group having most priority should get the least number while naming the compound.

The order of priority is,

carboxylic acid>esters>amides>aldehydes>ketones> alcolhols>thiols> amines > ethers>alkenes>alkyl halides>alkanes

Amines are the derivatives of ammonia (NH3) with one or more of the hydrogens replaced with a substituent such as an alkyl group.

Depending on the number of carbon side chain of the amide, different types of amides can form.

From the name of the compound its structure can be determined.

Primary amines can be named in the IUPAC system in several ways,

For simple amines the suffix – amine is added to the name of the alkyl substituent.

The suffix-amine can be used in place of the final –e in the name of the parent compound.

For a secondary amine an N prefixes the compound giving the shorter carbon chain and its chain prefix name.

For a tertiary amine an N, N prefixes the compound giving the two shorter carbon chains and their side chain prefix names.

Carboxylic acid: One −OH group is attached to the carbonyl carbon atom of the compound. It is represented as RCOOH

The IUPAC name for the carboxylic acid is written by replacing the ‘e’ of alkane to ‘oic acid’.

If the compound contains amine and a functional group that has higher precedence than the amine group, then the amine group should be indicated with the prefix “amino”

Common name of amine:

Alkyl groups attached to nitrogen atom of amine group must follow alphabetical order with the suffix “-amine”.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 23.2, Problem 23.4P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The name of the given compound has to be given.

Concept introduction:

According to IUPAC nomenclature, the naming of compound is determined by the priority of the functional group if more than one functional group is present. The carbon attached to the functional group having most priority should get the least number while naming the compound.

The order of priority is,

carboxylic acid>esters>amides>aldehydes>ketones> alcolhols>thiols> amines > ethers>alkenes>alkyl halides>alkanes

Amines are the derivatives of ammonia (NH3) with one or more of the hydrogens replaced with a substituent such as an alkyl group.

Depending on the number of carbon side chain of the amide, different types of amides can form.

From the name of the compound its structure can be determined.

Primary amines can be named in the IUPAC system in several ways,

For simple amines the suffix – amine is added to the name of the alkyl substituent.

The suffix-amine can be used in place of the final –e in the name of the parent compound.

For a secondary amine an N prefixes the compound giving the shorter carbon chain and its chain prefix name.

For a tertiary amine an N, N prefixes the compound giving the two shorter carbon chains and their side chain prefix names.

Carboxylic acid: One −OH group is attached to the carbonyl carbon atom of the compound. It is represented as RCOOH

The IUPAC name for the carboxylic acid is written by replacing the ‘e’ of alkane to ‘oic acid’.

If the compound contains amine and a functional group that has higher precedence than the amine group, then the amine group should be indicated with the prefix “amino”

R and S nomenclature: it is used to assign the molecule using CIP rules.

According to Cahn-Ingold-Prelog system,

The group attached to asymmetric center should be ranked based on the atomic number of atom which directly connected to asymmetric center. The higher the atomic number of atom, higher the priority. If there is tie, then consider the next atoms attached to the connected atom and so on.

Check the direction of arrow drawn in the direction of decreasing priority. If the arrow points clockwise direction, then the atom has R configuration. If the arrow points counterclockwise direction, then the atom has S configuration. If the group with lowest priority is not bonded by a hatched wedge, then interchange this group (lowest priority) by group bonded to hatched wedge and draw the arrow in priority order but the configuration is assigned as just reverse.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The name of the given compound has to be given.

Concept introduction:

According to IUPAC nomenclature, the naming of compound is determined by the priority of the functional group if more than one functional group is present. The carbon attached to the functional group having most priority should get the least number while naming the compound.

The order of priority is,

carboxylic acid>esters>amides>aldehydes>ketones> alcolhols>thiols> amines > ethers>alkenes>alkyl halides>alkanes

Amines are the derivatives of ammonia (NH3) with one or more of the hydrogens replaced with a substituent such as an alkyl group.

Depending on the number of carbon side chain of the amide, different types of amides can form.

From the name of the compound its structure can be determined.

Primary amines can be named in the IUPAC system in several ways,

For simple amines the suffix – amine is added to the name of the alkyl substituent.

The suffix-amine can be used in place of the final –e in the name of the parent compound.

For a secondary amine an N prefixes the compound giving the shorter carbon chain and its chain prefix name.

For a tertiary amine an N, N prefixes the compound giving the two shorter carbon chains and their side chain prefix names.

Carboxylic acid: One −OH group is attached to the carbonyl carbon atom of the compound. It is represented as RCOOH

The IUPAC name for the carboxylic acid is written by replacing the ‘e’ of alkane to ‘oic acid’.

If the compound contains amine and a functional group that has higher precedence than the amine group, then the amine group should be indicated with the prefix “amino”

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The name of the given compound has to be given.

Concept introduction:

According to IUPAC nomenclature, the naming of compound is determined by the priority of the functional group if more than one functional group is present. The carbon attached to the functional group having most priority should get the least number while naming the compound.

The order of priority is,

carboxylic acid>esters>amides>aldehydes>ketones> alcolhols>thiols> amines > ethers>alkenes>alkyl halides>alkanes

Amines are the derivatives of ammonia (NH3) with one or more of the hydrogens replaced with a substituent such as an alkyl group.

Depending on the number of carbon side chain of the amide, different types of amides can form.

From the name of the compound its structure can be determined.

Primary amines can be named in the IUPAC system in several ways,

For simple amines the suffix – amine is added to the name of the alkyl substituent.

The suffix-amine can be used in place of the final –e in the name of the parent compound.

For a secondary amine an N prefixes the compound giving the shorter carbon chain and its chain prefix name.

For a tertiary amine an N, N prefixes the compound giving the two shorter carbon chains and their side chain prefix names.

Carboxylic acid: One −OH group is attached to the carbonyl carbon atom of the compound. It is represented as RCOOH

The IUPAC name for the carboxylic acid is written by replacing the ‘e’ of alkane to ‘oic acid’.

If the compound contains amine and a functional group that has higher precedence than the amine group, then the amine group should be indicated with the prefix “amino”

Common name of amine:

Alkyl groups attached to nitrogen atom of amine group must follow alphabetical order with the suffix “-amine”.

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Answer 5

Chapter 23.2, Problem 23.4P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The name of the given compound has to be given.

Concept introduction:

According to IUPAC nomenclature, the naming of compound is determined by the priority of the functional group if more than one functional group is present. The carbon attached to the functional group having most priority should get the least number while naming the compound.

The order of priority is,

carboxylic acid>esters>amides>aldehydes>ketones> alcolhols>thiols> amines > ethers>alkenes>alkyl halides>alkanes

Amines are the derivatives of ammonia (NH3) with one or more of the hydrogens replaced with a substituent such as an alkyl group.

Depending on the number of carbon side chain of the amide, different types of amides can form.

From the name of the compound its structure can be determined.

Primary amines can be named in the IUPAC system in several ways,

For simple amines the suffix – amine is added to the name of the alkyl substituent.

The suffix-amine can be used in place of the final –e in the name of the parent compound.

For a secondary amine an N prefixes the compound giving the shorter carbon chain and its chain prefix name.

For a tertiary amine an N, N prefixes the compound giving the two shorter carbon chains and their side chain prefix names.

Carboxylic acid: One −OH group is attached to the carbonyl carbon atom of the compound. It is represented as RCOOH

The IUPAC name for the carboxylic acid is written by replacing the ‘e’ of alkane to ‘oic acid’.

If the compound contains amine and a functional group that has higher precedence than the amine group, then the amine group should be indicated with the prefix “amino”

R and S nomenclature: it is used to assign the molecule using CIP rules.

According to Cahn-Ingold-Prelog system,

The group attached to asymmetric center should be ranked based on the atomic number of atom which directly connected to asymmetric center. The higher the atomic number of atom, higher the priority. If there is tie, then consider the next atoms attached to the connected atom and so on.

Check the direction of arrow drawn in the direction of decreasing priority. If the arrow points clockwise direction, then the atom has R configuration. If the arrow points counterclockwise direction, then the atom has S configuration. If the group with lowest priority is not bonded by a hatched wedge, then interchange this group (lowest priority) by group bonded to hatched wedge and draw the arrow in priority order but the configuration is assigned as just reverse.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The name of the given compound has to be given.

Concept introduction:

According to IUPAC nomenclature, the naming of compound is determined by the priority of the functional group if more than one functional group is present. The carbon attached to the functional group having most priority should get the least number while naming the compound.

The order of priority is,

carboxylic acid>esters>amides>aldehydes>ketones> alcolhols>thiols> amines > ethers>alkenes>alkyl halides>alkanes

Amines are the derivatives of ammonia (NH3) with one or more of the hydrogens replaced with a substituent such as an alkyl group.

Depending on the number of carbon side chain of the amide, different types of amides can form.

From the name of the compound its structure can be determined.

Primary amines can be named in the IUPAC system in several ways,

For simple amines the suffix – amine is added to the name of the alkyl substituent.

The suffix-amine can be used in place of the final –e in the name of the parent compound.

For a secondary amine an N prefixes the compound giving the shorter carbon chain and its chain prefix name.

For a tertiary amine an N, N prefixes the compound giving the two shorter carbon chains and their side chain prefix names.

Carboxylic acid: One −OH group is attached to the carbonyl carbon atom of the compound. It is represented as RCOOH

The IUPAC name for the carboxylic acid is written by replacing the ‘e’ of alkane to ‘oic acid’.

If the compound contains amine and a functional group that has higher precedence than the amine group, then the amine group should be indicated with the prefix “amino”

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The name of the given compound has to be given.

Concept introduction:

According to IUPAC nomenclature, the naming of compound is determined by the priority of the functional group if more than one functional group is present. The carbon attached to the functional group having most priority should get the least number while naming the compound.

The order of priority is,

carboxylic acid>esters>amides>aldehydes>ketones> alcolhols>thiols> amines > ethers>alkenes>alkyl halides>alkanes

Amines are the derivatives of ammonia (NH3) with one or more of the hydrogens replaced with a substituent such as an alkyl group.

Depending on the number of carbon side chain of the amide, different types of amides can form.

From the name of the compound its structure can be determined.

Primary amines can be named in the IUPAC system in several ways,

For simple amines the suffix – amine is added to the name of the alkyl substituent.

The suffix-amine can be used in place of the final –e in the name of the parent compound.

For a secondary amine an N prefixes the compound giving the shorter carbon chain and its chain prefix name.

For a tertiary amine an N, N prefixes the compound giving the two shorter carbon chains and their side chain prefix names.

Carboxylic acid: One −OH group is attached to the carbonyl carbon atom of the compound. It is represented as RCOOH

The IUPAC name for the carboxylic acid is written by replacing the ‘e’ of alkane to ‘oic acid’.

If the compound contains amine and a functional group that has higher precedence than the amine group, then the amine group should be indicated with the prefix “amino”

Common name of amine:

Alkyl groups attached to nitrogen atom of amine group must follow alphabetical order with the suffix “-amine”.

Answer 6

Chapter 23.2, Problem 23.4P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The name of the given compound has to be given.

Concept introduction:

According to IUPAC nomenclature, the naming of compound is determined by the priority of the functional group if more than one functional group is present. The carbon attached to the functional group having most priority should get the least number while naming the compound.

The order of priority is,

carboxylic acid>esters>amides>aldehydes>ketones> alcolhols>thiols> amines > ethers>alkenes>alkyl halides>alkanes

Amines are the derivatives of ammonia (NH3) with one or more of the hydrogens replaced with a substituent such as an alkyl group.

Depending on the number of carbon side chain of the amide, different types of amides can form.

From the name of the compound its structure can be determined.

Primary amines can be named in the IUPAC system in several ways,

For simple amines the suffix – amine is added to the name of the alkyl substituent.

The suffix-amine can be used in place of the final –e in the name of the parent compound.

For a secondary amine an N prefixes the compound giving the shorter carbon chain and its chain prefix name.

For a tertiary amine an N, N prefixes the compound giving the two shorter carbon chains and their side chain prefix names.

Carboxylic acid: One −OH group is attached to the carbonyl carbon atom of the compound. It is represented as RCOOH

The IUPAC name for the carboxylic acid is written by replacing the ‘e’ of alkane to ‘oic acid’.

If the compound contains amine and a functional group that has higher precedence than the amine group, then the amine group should be indicated with the prefix “amino”

R and S nomenclature: it is used to assign the molecule using CIP rules.

According to Cahn-Ingold-Prelog system,

The group attached to asymmetric center should be ranked based on the atomic number of atom which directly connected to asymmetric center. The higher the atomic number of atom, higher the priority. If there is tie, then consider the next atoms attached to the connected atom and so on.

Check the direction of arrow drawn in the direction of decreasing priority. If the arrow points clockwise direction, then the atom has R configuration. If the arrow points counterclockwise direction, then the atom has S configuration. If the group with lowest priority is not bonded by a hatched wedge, then interchange this group (lowest priority) by group bonded to hatched wedge and draw the arrow in priority order but the configuration is assigned as just reverse.

Answer 7

Chapter 23.2, Problem 23.4P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The name of the given compound has to be given.

Concept introduction:

According to IUPAC nomenclature, the naming of compound is determined by the priority of the functional group if more than one functional group is present. The carbon attached to the functional group having most priority should get the least number while naming the compound.

The order of priority is,

carboxylic acid>esters>amides>aldehydes>ketones> alcolhols>thiols> amines > ethers>alkenes>alkyl halides>alkanes

Amines are the derivatives of ammonia (NH3) with one or more of the hydrogens replaced with a substituent such as an alkyl group.

Depending on the number of carbon side chain of the amide, different types of amides can form.

From the name of the compound its structure can be determined.

Primary amines can be named in the IUPAC system in several ways,

For simple amines the suffix – amine is added to the name of the alkyl substituent.

The suffix-amine can be used in place of the final –e in the name of the parent compound.

For a secondary amine an N prefixes the compound giving the shorter carbon chain and its chain prefix name.

For a tertiary amine an N, N prefixes the compound giving the two shorter carbon chains and their side chain prefix names.

Carboxylic acid: One −OH group is attached to the carbonyl carbon atom of the compound. It is represented as RCOOH

The IUPAC name for the carboxylic acid is written by replacing the ‘e’ of alkane to ‘oic acid’.

If the compound contains amine and a functional group that has higher precedence than the amine group, then the amine group should be indicated with the prefix “amino”

R and S nomenclature: it is used to assign the molecule using CIP rules.

According to Cahn-Ingold-Prelog system,

The group attached to asymmetric center should be ranked based on the atomic number of atom which directly connected to asymmetric center. The higher the atomic number of atom, higher the priority. If there is tie, then consider the next atoms attached to the connected atom and so on.

Check the direction of arrow drawn in the direction of decreasing priority. If the arrow points clockwise direction, then the atom has R configuration. If the arrow points counterclockwise direction, then the atom has S configuration. If the group with lowest priority is not bonded by a hatched wedge, then interchange this group (lowest priority) by group bonded to hatched wedge and draw the arrow in priority order but the configuration is assigned as just reverse.

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The name of the given compound has to be given.

Concept introduction:

According to IUPAC nomenclature, the naming of compound is determined by the priority of the functional group if more than one functional group is present. The carbon attached to the functional group having most priority should get the least number while naming the compound.

The order of priority is,

carboxylic acid>esters>amides>aldehydes>ketones> alcolhols>thiols> amines > ethers>alkenes>alkyl halides>alkanes

Amines are the derivatives of ammonia (NH3) with one or more of the hydrogens replaced with a substituent such as an alkyl group.

Depending on the number of carbon side chain of the amide, different types of amides can form.

From the name of the compound its structure can be determined.

Primary amines can be named in the IUPAC system in several ways,

For simple amines the suffix – amine is added to the name of the alkyl substituent.

The suffix-amine can be used in place of the final –e in the name of the parent compound.

For a secondary amine an N prefixes the compound giving the shorter carbon chain and its chain prefix name.

For a tertiary amine an N, N prefixes the compound giving the two shorter carbon chains and their side chain prefix names.

Carboxylic acid: One −OH group is attached to the carbonyl carbon atom of the compound. It is represented as RCOOH

The IUPAC name for the carboxylic acid is written by replacing the ‘e’ of alkane to ‘oic acid’.

If the compound contains amine and a functional group that has higher precedence than the amine group, then the amine group should be indicated with the prefix “amino”

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The name of the given compound has to be given.

Concept introduction:

According to IUPAC nomenclature, the naming of compound is determined by the priority of the functional group if more than one functional group is present. The carbon attached to the functional group having most priority should get the least number while naming the compound.

The order of priority is,

carboxylic acid>esters>amides>aldehydes>ketones> alcolhols>thiols> amines > ethers>alkenes>alkyl halides>alkanes

Amines are the derivatives of ammonia (NH3) with one or more of the hydrogens replaced with a substituent such as an alkyl group.

Depending on the number of carbon side chain of the amide, different types of amides can form.

From the name of the compound its structure can be determined.

Primary amines can be named in the IUPAC system in several ways,

For simple amines the suffix – amine is added to the name of the alkyl substituent.

The suffix-amine can be used in place of the final –e in the name of the parent compound.

For a secondary amine an N prefixes the compound giving the shorter carbon chain and its chain prefix name.

For a tertiary amine an N, N prefixes the compound giving the two shorter carbon chains and their side chain prefix names.

Carboxylic acid: One −OH group is attached to the carbonyl carbon atom of the compound. It is represented as RCOOH

The IUPAC name for the carboxylic acid is written by replacing the ‘e’ of alkane to ‘oic acid’.

If the compound contains amine and a functional group that has higher precedence than the amine group, then the amine group should be indicated with the prefix “amino”

Answer 10

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The name of the given compound has to be given.

Concept introduction:

According to IUPAC nomenclature, the naming of compound is determined by the priority of the functional group if more than one functional group is present. The carbon attached to the functional group having most priority should get the least number while naming the compound.

The order of priority is,

carboxylic acid>esters>amides>aldehydes>ketones> alcolhols>thiols> amines > ethers>alkenes>alkyl halides>alkanes

Amines are the derivatives of ammonia (NH3) with one or more of the hydrogens replaced with a substituent such as an alkyl group.

Depending on the number of carbon side chain of the amide, different types of amides can form.

From the name of the compound its structure can be determined.

Primary amines can be named in the IUPAC system in several ways,

For simple amines the suffix – amine is added to the name of the alkyl substituent.

The suffix-amine can be used in place of the final –e in the name of the parent compound.

For a secondary amine an N prefixes the compound giving the shorter carbon chain and its chain prefix name.

For a tertiary amine an N, N prefixes the compound giving the two shorter carbon chains and their side chain prefix names.

Carboxylic acid: One −OH group is attached to the carbonyl carbon atom of the compound. It is represented as RCOOH

The IUPAC name for the carboxylic acid is written by replacing the ‘e’ of alkane to ‘oic acid’.

If the compound contains amine and a functional group that has higher precedence than the amine group, then the amine group should be indicated with the prefix “amino”

Common name of amine:

Alkyl groups attached to nitrogen atom of amine group must follow alphabetical order with the suffix “-amine”.

Answer 11

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The name of the given compound has to be given.

Concept introduction:

According to IUPAC nomenclature, the naming of compound is determined by the priority of the functional group if more than one functional group is present. The carbon attached to the functional group having most priority should get the least number while naming the compound.

The order of priority is,

carboxylic acid>esters>amides>aldehydes>ketones> alcolhols>thiols> amines > ethers>alkenes>alkyl halides>alkanes

Amines are the derivatives of ammonia (NH3) with one or more of the hydrogens replaced with a substituent such as an alkyl group.

Depending on the number of carbon side chain of the amide, different types of amides can form.

From the name of the compound its structure can be determined.

Primary amines can be named in the IUPAC system in several ways,

For simple amines the suffix – amine is added to the name of the alkyl substituent.

The suffix-amine can be used in place of the final –e in the name of the parent compound.

For a secondary amine an N prefixes the compound giving the shorter carbon chain and its chain prefix name.

For a tertiary amine an N, N prefixes the compound giving the two shorter carbon chains and their side chain prefix names.

Carboxylic acid: One −OH group is attached to the carbonyl carbon atom of the compound. It is represented as RCOOH

The IUPAC name for the carboxylic acid is written by replacing the ‘e’ of alkane to ‘oic acid’.

If the compound contains amine and a functional group that has higher precedence than the amine group, then the amine group should be indicated with the prefix “amino”

Common name of amine:

Alkyl groups attached to nitrogen atom of amine group must follow alphabetical order with the suffix “-amine”.

Answer 12

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Answer 23

Ch. 23.1 - Prob. 23.1P Ch. 23.2 - Prob. 23.2P Ch. 23.2 - Prob. 23.3P Ch. 23.2 - Prob. 23.4P Ch. 23.5 - Prob. 23.5P Ch. 23.5 - Prob. AQ Ch. 23.5 - What is the hybridization of the nitrogen in...Ch. 23.5 - Prob. CQ Ch. 23.5 - The pKas of the conjugate acids of aniline and...Ch. 23.5 - Prob. EQ

Solution Summary: The author explains that the naming of a compound is determined by the priority of the functional group. Amines are the derivatives of ammonia.

Chapter 23 Solutions