Chapter 23, Problem 23.57P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesis of propoxyphene has to be proposed from 1-phenyl-1-propanone.

Concept introduction:

Aldol condensation:

The aldehyde or ketone are reaction with each other in the presence of acid or base which yields the corresponding α, β-unsaturated aldehyde with the elimination of water molecule is called as aldol condensation.

Michael reaction:

The nucleophile is reaction with α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compound (1,4 – addition) which yield the addition product is called Michael reaction.

The Grignard reaction:

Alkyl, vinyl, or aryl-magnesium halides ($\text{RMgX}$) is called as Grignard reagent.

Grignard reagent is reaction with carbonyl compound such as aldehyde or ketone, produces corresponding alcohol is the product and it is the one of the carbon – carbon bond forming reaction.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The possible stereoisomer’s has to be shown if the product is chiral.

Concept introduction:

Chiral:

A molecule is non superimposable on its mirror image is called chiral molecule.  Four different atoms attached to a carbon atom is called chiral molecule.

Isomer: A molecule having the same molecular formula but with different chemical structure is called isomer.

Stereoisomers: Stereoisomers are molecules that have the same molecular formula and they differ only in arrangement of atom in three-dimensional space.

Enantiomers: A compound which is non-superimposable mirror image is called enantiomers.

Diastereomers: A compound which is non-superimposable and non-mirror image is called diastereomers.

Racemic mixture: A racemic mixture is simply a mixture containing an equal amount of each enantiomer.

Achiral:

A molecule is superimposable on its mirror image is called achiral molecule.