BIOLOGY
12th Edition
ISBN: 9781260169614
Author: Raven
Publisher: RENT MCG
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Chapter 23.2, Problem 1LO
Summary Introduction
To determine: The difference between ancestral and derived similarities.
Introduction: The similarities and differences among the different groups of organisms are used to classify or categorize the species in different groups. The species are classified in different clades according to the similarity.
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. In a phylogenetic or evolutionary tree, how is relatedness defined, i.e., what is used to determine relatedness?
In the table below is a short gene sequence in 4 closely related taxa and an outgroup.
Based on comparisons of this DNA sequence, determine the placement of these four taxa in the phylogenetic tree below. Clearly identify the taxon (P, Q, R, or S) that corresponds to each branch tip (1, 2, 3, or 4).
Based on your constructed tree, is Species P more closely related to Species Q or Species S? Justify your answer.
Chapter 23 Solutions
BIOLOGY
Ch. 23.1 - Prob. 1LOCh. 23.1 - Prob. 2LOCh. 23.2 - Prob. 1LOCh. 23.2 - Prob. 2LOCh. 23.2 - Demonstrate how a cladogram is constructed.Ch. 23.3 - Explain the taxonomic classification system.Ch. 23.3 - Prob. 2LOCh. 23.3 - Prob. 3LOCh. 23.4 - Prob. 1LOCh. 23.4 - Prob. 2LO
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- How does outgroup comparison facilitate the identification of ancestral and derived character states?arrow_forwardHow are shared ancestral characters and shared derived characters different? How is the concept of homology related to these concepts?arrow_forwardPhylogenetic trees are constructed based on Group of answer choices a. shared ancestral characters b. vestigial characters c. homoplastic characters d. cartoon characters e. shared derived characters f. shady charactersarrow_forward
- Referring to the phylogenetic tree shown above, answer the following questions: 1. How many OTUs are included in the phylogenetic analysis? 2. How many clades are there? 3. What is an autapomorphic trait of the domestic cat? Explain why? 4. What is the shared derived trait (synapomorphy) in the Family Felidae? Explain why?arrow_forwardExplain the following phrase: Degrees of molecular similarity correlate to degrees of species relatedness.arrow_forwardWhat is the difference between a phylogenetic tree and a cladogram? What the difference between "homologous traits" and "analogous traits"? What is the difference between "ancestral traits" and "derived traits"?arrow_forward
- The table shows the distribution of traits (A-E) in six extant species (1-6). A “0” indicates the ancestral condition, and a “1” indicates the derived condition. 1. Which trait is least informative of phylogenetic relationships within the group? 2. Which species has the fewest number of derived characters?arrow_forwardMake a character matrixarrow_forwardWhat is the phylogenetic definition of a species? A) A group of individuals that can breed and produce viable offspring B) A group of interbreeding individuals that share the same environment C) A group of individuals that share a common ancestorarrow_forward
- Explain the concept of the pangenome to describe all distinct genes and variations in a species ?arrow_forwardConsider figure 22.5b. The following statements are true. Choose all applicable options. a) Hair in this case is a developmental homology. b)The hair shown in both species can be considered a homology. c) The common ancestor of both species likely had hair. d) Both species have hair likely because they share a common ancestor.arrow_forwardWhat types of information are used to hypothesize how species arerelated to one another by descent from a shared ancestor? Give anexample of how multiple types of evidence can support one another.arrow_forward
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