BIOLOGY
12th Edition
ISBN: 9781260169614
Author: Raven
Publisher: RENT MCG
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Chapter 23.1, Problem 2LO
Summary Introduction
To determine: The reason that
Introduction: The phenotypic similarity is the easily observable similarity. The genetic content of an individual is responsible for the phenotypic characteristics.
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Match the terms to their descriptors. NOTE: If you want to change your selection, you'll need to delete the one you already chose. After you delete it, the list
of choices will pop back up and you can make a different choice.
Two species evolve in different directions from a common starting
point
Divergent evolution
Two species independently evolve similar structures
Homologous structures
Traits that look similar but were not inherited from a common
Convergent evolution
ancestor
Analogous structures
Traits that are similar because they were inherited from a common
ancestor
Explain the role of genetic drift in shaping the genetic landscape of populations. Compare and contrast genetic drift with other evolutionary forces, such as natural selection, highlighting their respective contributions to population genetic variation.
Molecular marker is used to determine relatedness of species which may directly or indirectly exerts an effect on diversity. A hypothetical ancestor has the following DNA sequences: G A A G C T A T T C A T T. There are two lineage with DNA sequences of G A A G G T A T T C T C G, and G A A C C T A T T C T G C.
(1) Determine the percentage of A and T in the DNA sequence of the hypothetical ancestor.
(2) Calculate the percentage of each nitrogenous base in the second lineage.
Chapter 23 Solutions
BIOLOGY
Ch. 23.1 - Prob. 1LOCh. 23.1 - Prob. 2LOCh. 23.2 - Prob. 1LOCh. 23.2 - Prob. 2LOCh. 23.2 - Demonstrate how a cladogram is constructed.Ch. 23.3 - Explain the taxonomic classification system.Ch. 23.3 - Prob. 2LOCh. 23.3 - Prob. 3LOCh. 23.4 - Prob. 1LOCh. 23.4 - Prob. 2LO
Ch. 23.4 - Prob. 3LOCh. 23.5 - Prob. 1LOCh. 23 - Construct a data matrix like the one in figure...Ch. 23 - Prob. 1IQCh. 23 - Prob. 2IQCh. 23 - Prob. 3IQCh. 23 - Prob. 4IQCh. 23 - Overall similarity of phenotypes may not always...Ch. 23 - a. is based on overall similarity of phenotypes....Ch. 23 - The principle of parsimony a. helps evolutionary...Ch. 23 - Parsimony suggests that parental care in birds,...Ch. 23 - The forelimb of a bird and the forelimb of a...Ch. 23 - In order to determine polarity for different...Ch. 23 - In a paraphyletic group a. all species are more...Ch. 23 - A paraphyletic group includes a. an ancestor and...Ch. 23 - Prob. 9UCh. 23 - A taxonomic group that contains species that have...Ch. 23 - Rapid rates of character change relative to the...Ch. 23 - Species recognized by the phylogenetic species...Ch. 23 - Prob. 1SCh. 23 - Identifying outgroups is a central component of...Ch. 23 - As noted in your reading, cladistics is a widely...Ch. 23 - Across many species of limpets, loss of larval...Ch. 23 - Birds, pterosaurs (a type of flying reptile that...Ch. 23 - AID:1825 | 10/04/2018 6. In what sense does the...
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- Explain why evolutionary biologists monitor selectively neutral polymorphisms as molecular clocksarrow_forwardPlease asaparrow_forwardRemember that understanding is explanations more than facts. Definitions of phenotype, genotype, allele, gene, microevolution, macroevolution Know that in humans, most of the genetic variation is observed within populations, and know why that is. Know the 4 processes of evolution (3 neutral + natural selection) Know that evolution isn't progressive and doesn't necessarily lead to more complexity Know that evolution can lead to traits that decrease survival (ex: sexual selection) Know that quantitative traits are generally influenced by (i) many genes, each having a small effect on the trait value; and (ii) the environment What is F1 like when you cross 2 homozygotic lines of peas of different colors? What is F2 like when you cross F1 individuals (remember what 9:3:3:1 is about) Know what genetic dominance is about Definitions of chromosome, nucleus, mitosis, meiosis, crossing over How many chromosomes in humans? How many pairs of chromosomes? Know and apply Hardy-Weinberg's equation…arrow_forward
- Evolution is driven by both nonrandom and random mechanisms. Identify the mechanisms of evolution that are random and comment on how they affect allele frequencies across generations.arrow_forwardSince nucleotide sequences are more variable than amino acid sequences, you’ll use GAPDH nucleotide sequences to compare across the six taxa you’re analyzing. Suppose that you used BLAST to align all possible pairs of GAPDH sequences among lancelet, lamprey, bass, frog, turtle, and leopard. You would be able to construct the following table showing the percent similarity values across all six taxa. Leopard Turtle Frog Bass Lamprey Lancelet Leopard 100% 83% 80% 81% 76% 74% Turtle – 100% 79% 79% 74% 72% Frog – – 100% 79% 74% 71% Bass – – – 100% 77% 74% Lamprey – – – – 100% 73% Lancelet – – – – – 100% Now you can use this data (similarly to how you used the data in the character table) to build a phylogenetic tree. The distance between species in a tree is directly related to the amount of similarity between their gene sequences. For instance, two species will be closer together if the amount of similarity is high, or far apart if the amount of similarity is low. Which…arrow_forwardWhy are only inherited variations important in the evolutionary process? Explain your answer.arrow_forward
- What traits support classifying them as the same species? (Use complete sentences. Minimum of 2 sentences.)arrow_forwardGreen dragons are known by Knights of the Realm to be cleverer and thus more dangerous than both red and brown dragons. Molecular evolutionary alchemists working for the king have determined that a gene called FIZBAN has an average dN/dS (nonsynonymous rate/synonymous rate) ratio of 1.06 in green dragons, compared to 0.66 and 0.44 in red and brown dragons, respectively. What type of selection is this gene under in each dragon species? What type of trait might this gene contribute to? Give an evolutionary history of this gene in green dragons, including principles of population genetics in your answer.arrow_forwardDiscuss factors that lead to genetic variations in a population by using the Hardy-Weinberg Law that describes allele frequencies in a population. Explain how animal behaviors, including human behaviors, are governed by genetic inheritance. Explain how the laboratory mouse has become a valuable model organism for the study of development and genetics. What other animal models are used? What contribution(s) has research using Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila melanogaster made in the study of animal behavior and population genetics? Elaborate on the future of human disease diagnosis using the data from the Human Genome Project. Elaborate on the future of pharmacogenomics and individualized medicine to human disease diagnosis using the data from the Human Genome Project, includes an example Provide sufficient examples to make the speech relevant to high school students.arrow_forward
- a) Name and define the evolutionary processes that cause change in allele frequencies acrossgenerations. b) Describe how each process is expected to change allele frequencies across generations,including the following terms as appropriate:- genome-wide effects, loci-specific effects advantageous, deleterious, neutral- population size- speed of evolutionary changearrow_forwardUse the shapes below to answer Question number 2. Please be accurate and complete it CORRECTLY. Don’t use previous answers.arrow_forwardIllustrate why homologous traits are more useful than analogous traits for demonstrating a recent common ancestryarrow_forward
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