BIOLOGY
12th Edition
ISBN: 9781260169614
Author: Raven
Publisher: RENT MCG
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Chapter 23, Problem 2A
Rapid rates of character change relative to the rate of
a. the frequency with which distantly related species evolve the same derived character state may be high.
b. evolutionary reversals may occur frequently.
c. homoplasy will be common.
d. All of the choices are correct.
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A good “phylogenetic” species is one that is
A. The smallest diagnosable cluster of organisms within which there is a pattern of ancestry and descent
B. The most inclusive population of individuals having the potential for phenotypic cohesion through intrinsic cohesion mechanisms.
C. Morphologically distinctive from other groups of organisms
D. An actually or potentially interbreeding group that is reproductively isolated from other such groups.
A. Which two alien species are likely to be the most related? Why?
B. Which two alien species are likely the least related? Why?
C. In this cladogram, how many times have lineages diverged?
D. On your cladogram, circle the most recent common ancestor of the pingests and persnippys.
Which of the following is/are TRUE in phylogenetic analysis?
0000000
A. In a phylogram, the longer the branch length, the lesser genetic change.
B. A bootstrap value of 90-100 indicates a weakly supported clade.
C. Neighbor-Joining and Maximum Parsimony does not consider convergence as an influencing factor in creating an evolutionary tree.
D. Phylogenetic analysis treats each base of a sequence as a molecular character for analysis.
Both C and D are True statements.
Both B and Care True statements.
None. All of the statements are False.
Chapter 23 Solutions
BIOLOGY
Ch. 23.1 - Prob. 1LOCh. 23.1 - Prob. 2LOCh. 23.2 - Prob. 1LOCh. 23.2 - Prob. 2LOCh. 23.2 - Demonstrate how a cladogram is constructed.Ch. 23.3 - Explain the taxonomic classification system.Ch. 23.3 - Prob. 2LOCh. 23.3 - Prob. 3LOCh. 23.4 - Prob. 1LOCh. 23.4 - Prob. 2LO
Ch. 23.4 - Prob. 3LOCh. 23.5 - Prob. 1LOCh. 23 - Construct a data matrix like the one in figure...Ch. 23 - Prob. 1IQCh. 23 - Prob. 2IQCh. 23 - Prob. 3IQCh. 23 - Prob. 4IQCh. 23 - Overall similarity of phenotypes may not always...Ch. 23 - a. is based on overall similarity of phenotypes....Ch. 23 - The principle of parsimony a. helps evolutionary...Ch. 23 - Parsimony suggests that parental care in birds,...Ch. 23 - The forelimb of a bird and the forelimb of a...Ch. 23 - In order to determine polarity for different...Ch. 23 - In a paraphyletic group a. all species are more...Ch. 23 - A paraphyletic group includes a. an ancestor and...Ch. 23 - Prob. 9UCh. 23 - A taxonomic group that contains species that have...Ch. 23 - Rapid rates of character change relative to the...Ch. 23 - Species recognized by the phylogenetic species...Ch. 23 - Prob. 1SCh. 23 - Identifying outgroups is a central component of...Ch. 23 - As noted in your reading, cladistics is a widely...Ch. 23 - Across many species of limpets, loss of larval...Ch. 23 - Birds, pterosaurs (a type of flying reptile that...Ch. 23 - AID:1825 | 10/04/2018 6. In what sense does the...
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- Based on cladistic analysis: O a. paraphyletic and monophyletic groups are equally valid. b. a shared derived trait that unites birds is feathers. c. it is generally easier to identify the later as compared to the earlier members of a natural group. d. Two of the above are correct. e. None of the above is correct.arrow_forwardA scientist has developed 3 different phylogenies that describe the relationships between different species of elephants. In Phylogeny A, there are 4 total changes that resulted in 4 different species. In Phylogenies B and C, there are still 4 total species represented, however, they take 6 and 8 changes, respectively, to create them. Which phylogeny is probably correct? a.)Phylogeny A b.)Phylogeny B c.)Phylogeny C d.)All of the above, given every clade contains the same organismsarrow_forwardChoose the words that make the sentence most accurate. When reconstructing phylogenies, you should use ___________ traits because they are _______________. a. homologous; similar due to common ancestry. b. homoplastic; similar due to common ancestry. c. homoplastic; similar due to environmental constraints. d. homologous; similar due to environmental constraints.arrow_forward
- Which of the following best explains the morphological species concept?arrow_forwardWhich of the following may be true of two species that are a result of allopatric speciation? Select all that apply. a They will be genotypically similar. b They will be phenotypically similar. c They can produce viable offspring. d They will be geographically isolated.arrow_forwardParaphyletic groups... A. represent the most recent common ancestor and all of the descendants B. Are a potential consequence of secondary loss of a trait C. Are often created when attempting to build phylogenies for species that have undergone convergent evolution D. Are more likely when making trees using the biological species conceptarrow_forward
- A cladogram or phylogenetic tree is used to classify organisms into groups based on their shared characteristics, where each node or branching point is known as _________________. Group of answer choices A. Common ancestry B. New species C. Reproductive isolation D. New characteristic E. None of the answers are correctarrow_forwardOrganisms that are closer together on a cladograma. are in the same family.b. comprise an outgroup.c. share a more recent common ancestor than those organisms that are farther apart.d. share fewer derived characters than organisms that are farther apart.arrow_forwardPhylogenetic trees are constructed based on Group of answer choices a. shared ancestral characters b. vestigial characters c. homoplastic characters d. cartoon characters e. shared derived characters f. shady charactersarrow_forward
- Shown above are three possible phylogenetic trees for species I, II and III reconstructed based on the 4-nucleotide DNA sequences given in the righthand table. In every tree, each hatchmark on a branch represents a single base-change event. The most parsimonious tree would be - A. Both X and Y. B. X. C. Y. D. Both Y and Z. E. Z.arrow_forwardentify the most accurate statement about the phylogeny below. Assume species D is an outgroup. A. В. С. D. The presences of spots on species A and C is best explained by homology. a. b. The color of the pectoral and pelvic fins in species A, B, and D is best explained by homoplasy. c. The dorsal fin coloration seen in species A and C is likely due to convergent evolution. d. The color on the tail fins of species B and C is best described as the result of evolutionary reversalarrow_forwardWhich of the following terms is related to cladistics?arrow_forward
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