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Concept explainers
Interpretation: The structure of structural isomer of the isooctane, 2,2,4-trimethylpentane which has molecular formula
Concept introduction:
Systematic Name: It is a standardized name given for a chemical compound in systematic manner. Any organic molecule can be named by using IUPAC (International Union for Pure and applied chemistry) rules. IUPAC name consists of three parts in major namely Prefix suffix and root word.
Prefix represents the substituent present in the molecule. It can be any alkyl group and carboxy, amino, cyano etc…
Suffix represents the substituent present in the molecule. It can be any
Root word represents the longest continuous carbon skeleton present in the organic molecule.
When a molecule consists of cyclic structure, the root word of the molecule is prefixed with cyclo.
IUPAC naming for Alkane:
Name the main chain: Find the longest carbon chain and name the chain according to the number of carbon atoms it contains; is also the suffix part of the name.
Number the carbon atoms in the main chain: The carbons are numbered, in which the substituents must get lowest possible numbers.
Identify the substituents, and number each: The number at where substituents are present has to be noted. The substituents written as prefix.
Write the names as a single word: Use the hyphen to separate the numbers from the different prefix; commas to separate numbers. If two or more different substituents are present, arrange them in alphabetical order. If two or more identical substituents are present, use prefixes di-, tri-, tetra-, but this particular prefix should not be used for alphabetizing purpose.
Isomersim: Compounds having same molecular formula but exhibit different structures called isomers.This phenomenon is known as isomersim
Structural Isomers are the possible structures of a molecule with same molecular formula but have different arrangements of bonds and atoms. For a single molecular formula of
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Chapter 23 Solutions
Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity
- In the solid state, oxalic acid occurs as a dihydrate with the formula H2C2O4 C+2H2O. Use this formula to calculate the formula weight of oxalic acid. Use the calculated formula weight and the number of moles (0.00504mol) of oxalic acid in each titrated unknown sample recorded in Table 6.4 to calculate the number of grams of pure oxalic acid dihydrate contained in each titrated unknown sample.arrow_forward1. Consider a pair of elements with 2p and 4p valence orbitals (e.g., N and Se). Draw their (2p and 4p AO's) radial probability plots, and sketch their angular profiles. Then, consider these orbitals from the two atoms forming a homonuclear л-bond. Which element would have a stronger bond, and why? (4 points)arrow_forwardWrite the reaction and show the mechanism of the reaction. Include the mechanism for formation of the NO2+ 2. Explain, using resonance structures, why the meta isomer is formed. Draw possible resonance structures for ortho, meta and para.arrow_forward
- Nonearrow_forward3. A molecular form of "dicarbon", C2, can be generated in gas phase. Its bond dissociation energy has been determined at 599 kJ/mol. Use molecular orbital theory to explain why energy of dissociation for C₂+ is 513 kJ/mol, and that for C2² is 818 kJ/mol. (10 points)arrow_forward9.73 g of lead(IV) chloride contains enough Cl- ions to make ____ g of magnesium chloride.arrow_forward
- 6. a) C2's. Phosphorus pentafluoride PF5 belongs to D3h symmetry group. Draw the structure of the molecule, identify principal axis of rotation and perpendicular (4 points) b) assume that the principal axis of rotation is aligned with z axis, assign symmetry labels (such as a1, b2, etc.) to the following atomic orbitals of the P atom. (character table for this group is included in the Supplemental material). 3s 3pz (6 points) 3dz²arrow_forward2. Construct Lewis-dot structures, and draw VESPR models for the ions listed below. a) SiF5 (4 points) b) IOF4 (4 points)arrow_forward5. Complex anion [AuCl2]¯ belongs to Doh symmetry point group. What is the shape of this ion? (4 points)arrow_forward
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