Chapter 23, Problem 23.64P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reagent and condition is to be proposed for step 1.

Concept introduction:

Friedal – Crafts alkylation (or acylation):

Friedal – Crafts alkylation (or acylation) is one of the electrophilic substitution reaction. Alkyl halide or acyl halides reaction with benzene (or electron donating group present in the benzene ring) in the presence of anhydrous aluminum trichloride which gives the corresponding alkylated or acylated compound.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reagent and condition is to be proposed for step 2 and step 3.

Concept introduction:

Oxime formation: Aldehyde or ketone is reaction with hydroxylamine and sodium methoxide which yields oxime

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reductive amination is to be explained and the explanation has to be given for two step synthesis of amination is used rather than reductive amination.

Concept introduction:

Reductive amination reaction: Amination is the process by which an amine group is introduced into an organic molecule.

The conversion of Carbonyl group in to amine via imine intermediate is called reductive amination.

(D)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reagent and condition is to be proposed for step 4 and step 5.

Concept introduction:

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

(E)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The possible stereoisomer’s has to be shown if the product is chiral.

Concept introduction:

Isomer: A molecule having the same molecular formula but with different chemical structure is called isomer.

Enantiomers: A compound which is non-superimposable mirror image is called enantiomers.

Diastereomers: A compound which is non-superimposable and non-mirror image is called diastereomers.

Racemic mixture: A racemic mixture is simply a mixture containing an equal amount of each enantiomer.

Achiral:

A molecule is superimposable on its mirror image is called achiral molecule.