(a) Interpretation: A sequence of reactions for the conversion of aniline into the benzylamine is to be stated. Concept introduction: The formation of diazonium salt from aromatic amines takes place using sodium nitrite and hydrochloric acid at low temperatures. This process is known as diazotization. The diazonium salts can be converted to aryl halides using copper halides or aryl cyanides using copper cyanides.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 23, Problem 23.56AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

A sequence of reactions for the conversion of aniline into the benzylamine is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The formation of diazonium salt from aromatic amines takes place using sodium nitrite and hydrochloric acid at low temperatures. This process is known as diazotization. The diazonium salts can be converted to aryl halides using copper halides or aryl cyanides using copper cyanides.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

A sequence of reactions for the conversion of aniline into the benzyl alcohol is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The formation of diazonium salt from aromatic amines takes place using sodium nitrite and hydrochloric acid at low temperatures. This process is known as diazotization. The diazonium salts can be converted to aryl halides using copper halides or aryl cyanides using copper cyanides.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

A sequence of reactions for the conversion of aniline into 2-phenylethanamine is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The formation of diazonium salt from aromatic amines takes place using sodium nitrite and hydrochloric acid at low temperatures. This process is known as diazotization. The diazonium salts can be converted to aryl halides using copper halides or aryl cyanides using copper cyanides.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

A sequence of reactions for the conversion of aniline into the N-phenyl-2-butanamine is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The reaction in which there is a conversion of carbonyl group to an amine is known as reductive amination. The reaction includes the formation of an imine intermediate. The other name given for this amination reaction is reductive alkylation. The most commonly carbonyl groups used are ketone and aldehyde group.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

A sequence of reactions for the conversion of aniline into the p-chlorobenzoic acid is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The formation of diazonium salt from aromatic amines takes place using sodium nitrite and hydrochloric acid at low temperatures. This process is known as diazotization. The diazonium salts can be converted to aryl halides using copper halides or aryl cyanides using copper cyanides.

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

A sequence of reactions for the conversion of aniline into diphenylamine is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The chemical reaction in which the new bonds between carbon and nitrogen are generated by the route of Palladium-catalyzed coupling reaction is known as Buchwald-Hartwig amination. This is a type of reduction amination reaction.

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(a) Account for the following :(i) Propanal is more reactive than propanone towards nucleophilic reagents.(ii) Electrophilic substitution in benzoic acid takes place at meta position.(iii) Carboxylic acids do not give characteristic reactions of carbonyl group.(b) Give simple chemical test to distinguish between the following pairs of compounds:(i) Acetophenone and benzaldehyde(ii) Benzoic acid and ethylbenzoate.

Which is the stronger acid in each of the following pairs? Explain your reasoning. (a) Phenol or p-hydroxybenzaldehyde (b) m-Cyanophenol or p-cyanophenol (c) o-Fluorophenol or p-fluorophenol

(a) Although phenoxide ion has more number of resonating structures than carboxylate ion, carboxylic acid is a stronger acid than phenol. Give two reasons.(b) How will you bring about the following converstions?(i) Propanone to propane (ii) Benzoyl chloride to benzaldehyde(iii) Ethanal to but-2-enal

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 23, Problem 23.56AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

A sequence of reactions for the conversion of aniline into the benzylamine is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The formation of diazonium salt from aromatic amines takes place using sodium nitrite and hydrochloric acid at low temperatures. This process is known as diazotization. The diazonium salts can be converted to aryl halides using copper halides or aryl cyanides using copper cyanides.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

A sequence of reactions for the conversion of aniline into the benzyl alcohol is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The formation of diazonium salt from aromatic amines takes place using sodium nitrite and hydrochloric acid at low temperatures. This process is known as diazotization. The diazonium salts can be converted to aryl halides using copper halides or aryl cyanides using copper cyanides.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

A sequence of reactions for the conversion of aniline into 2-phenylethanamine is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The formation of diazonium salt from aromatic amines takes place using sodium nitrite and hydrochloric acid at low temperatures. This process is known as diazotization. The diazonium salts can be converted to aryl halides using copper halides or aryl cyanides using copper cyanides.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

A sequence of reactions for the conversion of aniline into the N-phenyl-2-butanamine is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The reaction in which there is a conversion of carbonyl group to an amine is known as reductive amination. The reaction includes the formation of an imine intermediate. The other name given for this amination reaction is reductive alkylation. The most commonly carbonyl groups used are ketone and aldehyde group.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

A sequence of reactions for the conversion of aniline into the p-chlorobenzoic acid is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The formation of diazonium salt from aromatic amines takes place using sodium nitrite and hydrochloric acid at low temperatures. This process is known as diazotization. The diazonium salts can be converted to aryl halides using copper halides or aryl cyanides using copper cyanides.

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

A sequence of reactions for the conversion of aniline into diphenylamine is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The chemical reaction in which the new bonds between carbon and nitrogen are generated by the route of Palladium-catalyzed coupling reaction is known as Buchwald-Hartwig amination. This is a type of reduction amination reaction.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 23, Problem 23.56AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

A sequence of reactions for the conversion of aniline into the benzylamine is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The formation of diazonium salt from aromatic amines takes place using sodium nitrite and hydrochloric acid at low temperatures. This process is known as diazotization. The diazonium salts can be converted to aryl halides using copper halides or aryl cyanides using copper cyanides.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

A sequence of reactions for the conversion of aniline into the benzyl alcohol is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The formation of diazonium salt from aromatic amines takes place using sodium nitrite and hydrochloric acid at low temperatures. This process is known as diazotization. The diazonium salts can be converted to aryl halides using copper halides or aryl cyanides using copper cyanides.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

A sequence of reactions for the conversion of aniline into 2-phenylethanamine is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The formation of diazonium salt from aromatic amines takes place using sodium nitrite and hydrochloric acid at low temperatures. This process is known as diazotization. The diazonium salts can be converted to aryl halides using copper halides or aryl cyanides using copper cyanides.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

A sequence of reactions for the conversion of aniline into the N-phenyl-2-butanamine is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The reaction in which there is a conversion of carbonyl group to an amine is known as reductive amination. The reaction includes the formation of an imine intermediate. The other name given for this amination reaction is reductive alkylation. The most commonly carbonyl groups used are ketone and aldehyde group.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

A sequence of reactions for the conversion of aniline into the p-chlorobenzoic acid is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The formation of diazonium salt from aromatic amines takes place using sodium nitrite and hydrochloric acid at low temperatures. This process is known as diazotization. The diazonium salts can be converted to aryl halides using copper halides or aryl cyanides using copper cyanides.

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

A sequence of reactions for the conversion of aniline into diphenylamine is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The chemical reaction in which the new bonds between carbon and nitrogen are generated by the route of Palladium-catalyzed coupling reaction is known as Buchwald-Hartwig amination. This is a type of reduction amination reaction.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 23, Problem 23.56AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

A sequence of reactions for the conversion of aniline into the benzylamine is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The formation of diazonium salt from aromatic amines takes place using sodium nitrite and hydrochloric acid at low temperatures. This process is known as diazotization. The diazonium salts can be converted to aryl halides using copper halides or aryl cyanides using copper cyanides.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

A sequence of reactions for the conversion of aniline into the benzyl alcohol is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The formation of diazonium salt from aromatic amines takes place using sodium nitrite and hydrochloric acid at low temperatures. This process is known as diazotization. The diazonium salts can be converted to aryl halides using copper halides or aryl cyanides using copper cyanides.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

A sequence of reactions for the conversion of aniline into 2-phenylethanamine is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The formation of diazonium salt from aromatic amines takes place using sodium nitrite and hydrochloric acid at low temperatures. This process is known as diazotization. The diazonium salts can be converted to aryl halides using copper halides or aryl cyanides using copper cyanides.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

A sequence of reactions for the conversion of aniline into the N-phenyl-2-butanamine is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The reaction in which there is a conversion of carbonyl group to an amine is known as reductive amination. The reaction includes the formation of an imine intermediate. The other name given for this amination reaction is reductive alkylation. The most commonly carbonyl groups used are ketone and aldehyde group.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

A sequence of reactions for the conversion of aniline into the p-chlorobenzoic acid is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The formation of diazonium salt from aromatic amines takes place using sodium nitrite and hydrochloric acid at low temperatures. This process is known as diazotization. The diazonium salts can be converted to aryl halides using copper halides or aryl cyanides using copper cyanides.

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

A sequence of reactions for the conversion of aniline into diphenylamine is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The chemical reaction in which the new bonds between carbon and nitrogen are generated by the route of Palladium-catalyzed coupling reaction is known as Buchwald-Hartwig amination. This is a type of reduction amination reaction.

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Answer 5

Chapter 23, Problem 23.56AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

A sequence of reactions for the conversion of aniline into the benzylamine is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The formation of diazonium salt from aromatic amines takes place using sodium nitrite and hydrochloric acid at low temperatures. This process is known as diazotization. The diazonium salts can be converted to aryl halides using copper halides or aryl cyanides using copper cyanides.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

A sequence of reactions for the conversion of aniline into the benzyl alcohol is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The formation of diazonium salt from aromatic amines takes place using sodium nitrite and hydrochloric acid at low temperatures. This process is known as diazotization. The diazonium salts can be converted to aryl halides using copper halides or aryl cyanides using copper cyanides.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

A sequence of reactions for the conversion of aniline into 2-phenylethanamine is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The formation of diazonium salt from aromatic amines takes place using sodium nitrite and hydrochloric acid at low temperatures. This process is known as diazotization. The diazonium salts can be converted to aryl halides using copper halides or aryl cyanides using copper cyanides.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

A sequence of reactions for the conversion of aniline into the N-phenyl-2-butanamine is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The reaction in which there is a conversion of carbonyl group to an amine is known as reductive amination. The reaction includes the formation of an imine intermediate. The other name given for this amination reaction is reductive alkylation. The most commonly carbonyl groups used are ketone and aldehyde group.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

A sequence of reactions for the conversion of aniline into the p-chlorobenzoic acid is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The formation of diazonium salt from aromatic amines takes place using sodium nitrite and hydrochloric acid at low temperatures. This process is known as diazotization. The diazonium salts can be converted to aryl halides using copper halides or aryl cyanides using copper cyanides.

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

A sequence of reactions for the conversion of aniline into diphenylamine is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The chemical reaction in which the new bonds between carbon and nitrogen are generated by the route of Palladium-catalyzed coupling reaction is known as Buchwald-Hartwig amination. This is a type of reduction amination reaction.

Answer 6

Chapter 23, Problem 23.56AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

A sequence of reactions for the conversion of aniline into the benzylamine is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The formation of diazonium salt from aromatic amines takes place using sodium nitrite and hydrochloric acid at low temperatures. This process is known as diazotization. The diazonium salts can be converted to aryl halides using copper halides or aryl cyanides using copper cyanides.

Answer 7

Chapter 23, Problem 23.56AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

A sequence of reactions for the conversion of aniline into the benzylamine is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The formation of diazonium salt from aromatic amines takes place using sodium nitrite and hydrochloric acid at low temperatures. This process is known as diazotization. The diazonium salts can be converted to aryl halides using copper halides or aryl cyanides using copper cyanides.

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

A sequence of reactions for the conversion of aniline into the benzyl alcohol is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The formation of diazonium salt from aromatic amines takes place using sodium nitrite and hydrochloric acid at low temperatures. This process is known as diazotization. The diazonium salts can be converted to aryl halides using copper halides or aryl cyanides using copper cyanides.

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

A sequence of reactions for the conversion of aniline into the benzyl alcohol is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The formation of diazonium salt from aromatic amines takes place using sodium nitrite and hydrochloric acid at low temperatures. This process is known as diazotization. The diazonium salts can be converted to aryl halides using copper halides or aryl cyanides using copper cyanides.

Answer 10

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

A sequence of reactions for the conversion of aniline into 2-phenylethanamine is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The formation of diazonium salt from aromatic amines takes place using sodium nitrite and hydrochloric acid at low temperatures. This process is known as diazotization. The diazonium salts can be converted to aryl halides using copper halides or aryl cyanides using copper cyanides.

Answer 11

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

A sequence of reactions for the conversion of aniline into 2-phenylethanamine is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The formation of diazonium salt from aromatic amines takes place using sodium nitrite and hydrochloric acid at low temperatures. This process is known as diazotization. The diazonium salts can be converted to aryl halides using copper halides or aryl cyanides using copper cyanides.

Answer 12

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

A sequence of reactions for the conversion of aniline into the N-phenyl-2-butanamine is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The reaction in which there is a conversion of carbonyl group to an amine is known as reductive amination. The reaction includes the formation of an imine intermediate. The other name given for this amination reaction is reductive alkylation. The most commonly carbonyl groups used are ketone and aldehyde group.

Answer 13

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

A sequence of reactions for the conversion of aniline into the N-phenyl-2-butanamine is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The reaction in which there is a conversion of carbonyl group to an amine is known as reductive amination. The reaction includes the formation of an imine intermediate. The other name given for this amination reaction is reductive alkylation. The most commonly carbonyl groups used are ketone and aldehyde group.

Answer 14

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

A sequence of reactions for the conversion of aniline into the p-chlorobenzoic acid is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The formation of diazonium salt from aromatic amines takes place using sodium nitrite and hydrochloric acid at low temperatures. This process is known as diazotization. The diazonium salts can be converted to aryl halides using copper halides or aryl cyanides using copper cyanides.

Answer 15

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

A sequence of reactions for the conversion of aniline into the p-chlorobenzoic acid is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The formation of diazonium salt from aromatic amines takes place using sodium nitrite and hydrochloric acid at low temperatures. This process is known as diazotization. The diazonium salts can be converted to aryl halides using copper halides or aryl cyanides using copper cyanides.

Answer 16

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

A sequence of reactions for the conversion of aniline into diphenylamine is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The chemical reaction in which the new bonds between carbon and nitrogen are generated by the route of Palladium-catalyzed coupling reaction is known as Buchwald-Hartwig amination. This is a type of reduction amination reaction.

Answer 17

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

A sequence of reactions for the conversion of aniline into diphenylamine is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The chemical reaction in which the new bonds between carbon and nitrogen are generated by the route of Palladium-catalyzed coupling reaction is known as Buchwald-Hartwig amination. This is a type of reduction amination reaction.

Answer 18

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Answer 19

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Answer 20

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Answer 21

Ch. 23 - Prob. 23.1P Ch. 23 - Prob. 23.2P Ch. 23 - Prob. 23.3P Ch. 23 - Prob. 23.4P Ch. 23 - Prob. 23.5P Ch. 23 - Prob. 23.6P Ch. 23 - Prob. 23.7P Ch. 23 - Prob. 23.8P Ch. 23 - Prob. 23.9P Ch. 23 - Prob. 23.10P

Solution Summary: The author explains the reaction sequence for the conversion of aniline into the benzylamine.

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