(a) Interpretation: Atoms that are added or removed in each step needs to be determined. Concept Introduction: The citric acid cycle is an eight steps cycle which consists enzyme catalyzed reactions occur in mitochondria. The citric acid cycle starts by the addition of 2 carbon acetyl CoA molecule to four carbon substrate. Acetyl CoA is regenerated at the end of the cycle. In step 2 of citric acid cycle, citrate is converted to isocitrate. This conversion is a two-step process which has an intermediate called aconitate.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 23, Problem 23.50P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Atoms that are added or removed in each step needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

The citric acid cycle is an eight steps cycle which consists enzyme catalyzed reactions occur in mitochondria. The citric acid cycle starts by the addition of 2 carbon acetyl CoA molecule to four carbon substrate. Acetyl CoA is regenerated at the end of the cycle.

In step 2 of citric acid cycle, citrate is converted to isocitrate. This conversion is a two-step process which has an intermediate called aconitate.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The reason due to which step [2a] and [2b] are not considered oxidation or reduction reactions despite the fact that the number of C-H and C-O bond changes need to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

During oxidation of a compound, electrons or hydrogens are lost or oxygen is gained. During the reduction of a compound, electrons or hydrogens are gained or oxygen is lost. Coenzymes act as oxidizing agents or reducing agents. Oxidizing agent drives the oxidation reaction and gets reduced. Reducing agent drives reduction reactions and gets oxidized.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Type of reaction occurs in step [2a] and [2b] needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

The citric acid cycle is an eight steps cycle which consists enzyme catalyzed reactions occur in mitochondria. The citric acid cycle starts by the addition of 2 carbon acetyl CoA molecule to four carbon substrate. Acetyl CoA is regenerated at the end of the cycle.

In step 2 of citric acid cycle, citrate is converted to isocitrate. This conversion is a two-step process which has an intermediate called aconitate.

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MISSED THIS? Read Section 19.9 (Pages 878-881); Watch IWE 19.10 Consider the following reaction: CH3OH(g) CO(g) + 2H2(g) (Note that AG,CH3OH(g) = -162.3 kJ/mol and AG,co(g)=-137.2 kJ/mol.) Part A Calculate AG for this reaction at 25 °C under the following conditions: PCH₂OH Pco PH2 0.815 atm = 0.140 atm 0.170 atm Express your answer in kilojoules to three significant figures. Ο ΑΣΦ AG = -150 Submit Previous Answers Request Answer □? kJ × Incorrect; Try Again; 2 attempts remaining Calculate the free energy change under nonstandard conditions (AGrxn) by using the following relationship: AGrxn = AGrxn + RTInQ, AGxn+RTInQ, where AGxn is the standard free energy change, R is the ideal gas constant, T is the temperature in kelvins, a is the reaction quotient. Provide Feedback Next >

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Answer 2

Question

Chapter 23, Problem 23.50P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Atoms that are added or removed in each step needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

The citric acid cycle is an eight steps cycle which consists enzyme catalyzed reactions occur in mitochondria. The citric acid cycle starts by the addition of 2 carbon acetyl CoA molecule to four carbon substrate. Acetyl CoA is regenerated at the end of the cycle.

In step 2 of citric acid cycle, citrate is converted to isocitrate. This conversion is a two-step process which has an intermediate called aconitate.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The reason due to which step [2a] and [2b] are not considered oxidation or reduction reactions despite the fact that the number of C-H and C-O bond changes need to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

During oxidation of a compound, electrons or hydrogens are lost or oxygen is gained. During the reduction of a compound, electrons or hydrogens are gained or oxygen is lost. Coenzymes act as oxidizing agents or reducing agents. Oxidizing agent drives the oxidation reaction and gets reduced. Reducing agent drives reduction reactions and gets oxidized.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Type of reaction occurs in step [2a] and [2b] needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

The citric acid cycle is an eight steps cycle which consists enzyme catalyzed reactions occur in mitochondria. The citric acid cycle starts by the addition of 2 carbon acetyl CoA molecule to four carbon substrate. Acetyl CoA is regenerated at the end of the cycle.

In step 2 of citric acid cycle, citrate is converted to isocitrate. This conversion is a two-step process which has an intermediate called aconitate.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 23, Problem 23.50P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Atoms that are added or removed in each step needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

The citric acid cycle is an eight steps cycle which consists enzyme catalyzed reactions occur in mitochondria. The citric acid cycle starts by the addition of 2 carbon acetyl CoA molecule to four carbon substrate. Acetyl CoA is regenerated at the end of the cycle.

In step 2 of citric acid cycle, citrate is converted to isocitrate. This conversion is a two-step process which has an intermediate called aconitate.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The reason due to which step [2a] and [2b] are not considered oxidation or reduction reactions despite the fact that the number of C-H and C-O bond changes need to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

During oxidation of a compound, electrons or hydrogens are lost or oxygen is gained. During the reduction of a compound, electrons or hydrogens are gained or oxygen is lost. Coenzymes act as oxidizing agents or reducing agents. Oxidizing agent drives the oxidation reaction and gets reduced. Reducing agent drives reduction reactions and gets oxidized.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Type of reaction occurs in step [2a] and [2b] needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

The citric acid cycle is an eight steps cycle which consists enzyme catalyzed reactions occur in mitochondria. The citric acid cycle starts by the addition of 2 carbon acetyl CoA molecule to four carbon substrate. Acetyl CoA is regenerated at the end of the cycle.

In step 2 of citric acid cycle, citrate is converted to isocitrate. This conversion is a two-step process which has an intermediate called aconitate.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 23, Problem 23.50P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Atoms that are added or removed in each step needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

The citric acid cycle is an eight steps cycle which consists enzyme catalyzed reactions occur in mitochondria. The citric acid cycle starts by the addition of 2 carbon acetyl CoA molecule to four carbon substrate. Acetyl CoA is regenerated at the end of the cycle.

In step 2 of citric acid cycle, citrate is converted to isocitrate. This conversion is a two-step process which has an intermediate called aconitate.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The reason due to which step [2a] and [2b] are not considered oxidation or reduction reactions despite the fact that the number of C-H and C-O bond changes need to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

During oxidation of a compound, electrons or hydrogens are lost or oxygen is gained. During the reduction of a compound, electrons or hydrogens are gained or oxygen is lost. Coenzymes act as oxidizing agents or reducing agents. Oxidizing agent drives the oxidation reaction and gets reduced. Reducing agent drives reduction reactions and gets oxidized.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Type of reaction occurs in step [2a] and [2b] needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

The citric acid cycle is an eight steps cycle which consists enzyme catalyzed reactions occur in mitochondria. The citric acid cycle starts by the addition of 2 carbon acetyl CoA molecule to four carbon substrate. Acetyl CoA is regenerated at the end of the cycle.

In step 2 of citric acid cycle, citrate is converted to isocitrate. This conversion is a two-step process which has an intermediate called aconitate.

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Answer 5

Chapter 23, Problem 23.50P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Atoms that are added or removed in each step needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

The citric acid cycle is an eight steps cycle which consists enzyme catalyzed reactions occur in mitochondria. The citric acid cycle starts by the addition of 2 carbon acetyl CoA molecule to four carbon substrate. Acetyl CoA is regenerated at the end of the cycle.

In step 2 of citric acid cycle, citrate is converted to isocitrate. This conversion is a two-step process which has an intermediate called aconitate.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The reason due to which step [2a] and [2b] are not considered oxidation or reduction reactions despite the fact that the number of C-H and C-O bond changes need to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

During oxidation of a compound, electrons or hydrogens are lost or oxygen is gained. During the reduction of a compound, electrons or hydrogens are gained or oxygen is lost. Coenzymes act as oxidizing agents or reducing agents. Oxidizing agent drives the oxidation reaction and gets reduced. Reducing agent drives reduction reactions and gets oxidized.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Type of reaction occurs in step [2a] and [2b] needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

The citric acid cycle is an eight steps cycle which consists enzyme catalyzed reactions occur in mitochondria. The citric acid cycle starts by the addition of 2 carbon acetyl CoA molecule to four carbon substrate. Acetyl CoA is regenerated at the end of the cycle.

In step 2 of citric acid cycle, citrate is converted to isocitrate. This conversion is a two-step process which has an intermediate called aconitate.

Answer 6

Chapter 23, Problem 23.50P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Atoms that are added or removed in each step needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

The citric acid cycle is an eight steps cycle which consists enzyme catalyzed reactions occur in mitochondria. The citric acid cycle starts by the addition of 2 carbon acetyl CoA molecule to four carbon substrate. Acetyl CoA is regenerated at the end of the cycle.

In step 2 of citric acid cycle, citrate is converted to isocitrate. This conversion is a two-step process which has an intermediate called aconitate.

Answer 7

Chapter 23, Problem 23.50P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Atoms that are added or removed in each step needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

The citric acid cycle is an eight steps cycle which consists enzyme catalyzed reactions occur in mitochondria. The citric acid cycle starts by the addition of 2 carbon acetyl CoA molecule to four carbon substrate. Acetyl CoA is regenerated at the end of the cycle.

In step 2 of citric acid cycle, citrate is converted to isocitrate. This conversion is a two-step process which has an intermediate called aconitate.

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The reason due to which step [2a] and [2b] are not considered oxidation or reduction reactions despite the fact that the number of C-H and C-O bond changes need to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

During oxidation of a compound, electrons or hydrogens are lost or oxygen is gained. During the reduction of a compound, electrons or hydrogens are gained or oxygen is lost. Coenzymes act as oxidizing agents or reducing agents. Oxidizing agent drives the oxidation reaction and gets reduced. Reducing agent drives reduction reactions and gets oxidized.

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The reason due to which step [2a] and [2b] are not considered oxidation or reduction reactions despite the fact that the number of C-H and C-O bond changes need to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

During oxidation of a compound, electrons or hydrogens are lost or oxygen is gained. During the reduction of a compound, electrons or hydrogens are gained or oxygen is lost. Coenzymes act as oxidizing agents or reducing agents. Oxidizing agent drives the oxidation reaction and gets reduced. Reducing agent drives reduction reactions and gets oxidized.

Answer 10

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Type of reaction occurs in step [2a] and [2b] needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

The citric acid cycle is an eight steps cycle which consists enzyme catalyzed reactions occur in mitochondria. The citric acid cycle starts by the addition of 2 carbon acetyl CoA molecule to four carbon substrate. Acetyl CoA is regenerated at the end of the cycle.

In step 2 of citric acid cycle, citrate is converted to isocitrate. This conversion is a two-step process which has an intermediate called aconitate.

Answer 11

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Type of reaction occurs in step [2a] and [2b] needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

The citric acid cycle is an eight steps cycle which consists enzyme catalyzed reactions occur in mitochondria. The citric acid cycle starts by the addition of 2 carbon acetyl CoA molecule to four carbon substrate. Acetyl CoA is regenerated at the end of the cycle.

In step 2 of citric acid cycle, citrate is converted to isocitrate. This conversion is a two-step process which has an intermediate called aconitate.

Answer 12

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Answer 13

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Answer 14

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Answer 15

Ch. 23.2 - Prob. 23.1P Ch. 23.3 - Prob. 23.2P Ch. 23.3 - Prob. 23.3P Ch. 23.3 - Prob. 23.4P Ch. 23.3 - Prob. 23.5P Ch. 23.4 - Prob. 23.6P Ch. 23.4 - Prob. 23.7P Ch. 23.4 - Prob. 23.8P Ch. 23.4 - Prob. 23.9P Ch. 23.4 - Prob. 23.10P

Solution Summary: The author explains the citric acid cycle, which consists of enzyme catalyzed reactions occurring in mitochondria.

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