(a) Interpretation: The reaction [3a] needs to be classified as oxidation, reduction or decarboxylation. Concept Introduction: During oxidation of compound electrons or hydrogens are lost or oxygen is gained. During the reduction of a compound, electrons or hydrogens are gained or oxygen is lost. Coenzymes act as oxidizing agents or reducing agents. Oxidizing agent drives the oxidation reaction and gets reduced. Reducing agent drives reduction reactions and gets oxidized. Decarboxylation is a reaction that removes the carboxyl group of a compound as CO 2 .

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 23, Problem 23.49P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The reaction [3a] needs to be classified as oxidation, reduction or decarboxylation.

Concept Introduction:

During oxidation of compound electrons or hydrogens are lost or oxygen is gained. During the reduction of a compound, electrons or hydrogens are gained or oxygen is lost. Coenzymes act as oxidizing agents or reducing agents. Oxidizing agent drives the oxidation reaction and gets reduced. Reducing agent drives reduction reactions and gets oxidized. Decarboxylation is a reaction that removes the carboxyl group of a compound as CO₂.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The reaction [3b] needs to be classified as an oxidation, reduction or decarboxylation.

Concept Introduction:

During oxidation of compound electrons or hydrogens are lost or oxygen is gained. During the reduction of a compound, electrons or hydrogens are gained or oxygen is lost. Coenzymes act as oxidizing agents or reducing agents. Oxidizing agent drives the oxidation reaction and gets reduced. Reducing agent drives reduction reactions and gets oxidized. Decarboxylation is a reaction that removes the carboxyl group of a compound as CO₂.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The step in which NAD⁺ is necessary needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

A coenzyme is a compound which involves in enzyme-catalyzed reactions. Some coenzymes act as oxidizing or reducing agents.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The reason due to which enzyme that catalyzes the given reaction is called isocitrate dehydrogenase needs to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Dehydrogenase is a class of enzymes that catalyzes the removal of hydrogens from a molecule.

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MISSED THIS? Read Section 19.9 (Pages 878-881); Watch IWE 19.10 Consider the following reaction: CH3OH(g) CO(g) + 2H2(g) (Note that AG,CH3OH(g) = -162.3 kJ/mol and AG,co(g)=-137.2 kJ/mol.) Part A Calculate AG for this reaction at 25 °C under the following conditions: PCH₂OH Pco PH2 0.815 atm = 0.140 atm 0.170 atm Express your answer in kilojoules to three significant figures. Ο ΑΣΦ AG = -150 Submit Previous Answers Request Answer □? kJ × Incorrect; Try Again; 2 attempts remaining Calculate the free energy change under nonstandard conditions (AGrxn) by using the following relationship: AGrxn = AGrxn + RTInQ, AGxn+RTInQ, where AGxn is the standard free energy change, R is the ideal gas constant, T is the temperature in kelvins, a is the reaction quotient. Provide Feedback Next >

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Answer 2

Question

Chapter 23, Problem 23.49P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The reaction [3a] needs to be classified as oxidation, reduction or decarboxylation.

Concept Introduction:

During oxidation of compound electrons or hydrogens are lost or oxygen is gained. During the reduction of a compound, electrons or hydrogens are gained or oxygen is lost. Coenzymes act as oxidizing agents or reducing agents. Oxidizing agent drives the oxidation reaction and gets reduced. Reducing agent drives reduction reactions and gets oxidized. Decarboxylation is a reaction that removes the carboxyl group of a compound as CO₂.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The reaction [3b] needs to be classified as an oxidation, reduction or decarboxylation.

Concept Introduction:

During oxidation of compound electrons or hydrogens are lost or oxygen is gained. During the reduction of a compound, electrons or hydrogens are gained or oxygen is lost. Coenzymes act as oxidizing agents or reducing agents. Oxidizing agent drives the oxidation reaction and gets reduced. Reducing agent drives reduction reactions and gets oxidized. Decarboxylation is a reaction that removes the carboxyl group of a compound as CO₂.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The step in which NAD⁺ is necessary needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

A coenzyme is a compound which involves in enzyme-catalyzed reactions. Some coenzymes act as oxidizing or reducing agents.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The reason due to which enzyme that catalyzes the given reaction is called isocitrate dehydrogenase needs to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Dehydrogenase is a class of enzymes that catalyzes the removal of hydrogens from a molecule.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 23, Problem 23.49P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The reaction [3a] needs to be classified as oxidation, reduction or decarboxylation.

Concept Introduction:

During oxidation of compound electrons or hydrogens are lost or oxygen is gained. During the reduction of a compound, electrons or hydrogens are gained or oxygen is lost. Coenzymes act as oxidizing agents or reducing agents. Oxidizing agent drives the oxidation reaction and gets reduced. Reducing agent drives reduction reactions and gets oxidized. Decarboxylation is a reaction that removes the carboxyl group of a compound as CO₂.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The reaction [3b] needs to be classified as an oxidation, reduction or decarboxylation.

Concept Introduction:

During oxidation of compound electrons or hydrogens are lost or oxygen is gained. During the reduction of a compound, electrons or hydrogens are gained or oxygen is lost. Coenzymes act as oxidizing agents or reducing agents. Oxidizing agent drives the oxidation reaction and gets reduced. Reducing agent drives reduction reactions and gets oxidized. Decarboxylation is a reaction that removes the carboxyl group of a compound as CO₂.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The step in which NAD⁺ is necessary needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

A coenzyme is a compound which involves in enzyme-catalyzed reactions. Some coenzymes act as oxidizing or reducing agents.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The reason due to which enzyme that catalyzes the given reaction is called isocitrate dehydrogenase needs to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Dehydrogenase is a class of enzymes that catalyzes the removal of hydrogens from a molecule.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 23, Problem 23.49P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The reaction [3a] needs to be classified as oxidation, reduction or decarboxylation.

Concept Introduction:

During oxidation of compound electrons or hydrogens are lost or oxygen is gained. During the reduction of a compound, electrons or hydrogens are gained or oxygen is lost. Coenzymes act as oxidizing agents or reducing agents. Oxidizing agent drives the oxidation reaction and gets reduced. Reducing agent drives reduction reactions and gets oxidized. Decarboxylation is a reaction that removes the carboxyl group of a compound as CO₂.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The reaction [3b] needs to be classified as an oxidation, reduction or decarboxylation.

Concept Introduction:

During oxidation of compound electrons or hydrogens are lost or oxygen is gained. During the reduction of a compound, electrons or hydrogens are gained or oxygen is lost. Coenzymes act as oxidizing agents or reducing agents. Oxidizing agent drives the oxidation reaction and gets reduced. Reducing agent drives reduction reactions and gets oxidized. Decarboxylation is a reaction that removes the carboxyl group of a compound as CO₂.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The step in which NAD⁺ is necessary needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

A coenzyme is a compound which involves in enzyme-catalyzed reactions. Some coenzymes act as oxidizing or reducing agents.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The reason due to which enzyme that catalyzes the given reaction is called isocitrate dehydrogenase needs to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Dehydrogenase is a class of enzymes that catalyzes the removal of hydrogens from a molecule.

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Answer 5

Chapter 23, Problem 23.49P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The reaction [3a] needs to be classified as oxidation, reduction or decarboxylation.

Concept Introduction:

During oxidation of compound electrons or hydrogens are lost or oxygen is gained. During the reduction of a compound, electrons or hydrogens are gained or oxygen is lost. Coenzymes act as oxidizing agents or reducing agents. Oxidizing agent drives the oxidation reaction and gets reduced. Reducing agent drives reduction reactions and gets oxidized. Decarboxylation is a reaction that removes the carboxyl group of a compound as CO₂.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The reaction [3b] needs to be classified as an oxidation, reduction or decarboxylation.

Concept Introduction:

During oxidation of compound electrons or hydrogens are lost or oxygen is gained. During the reduction of a compound, electrons or hydrogens are gained or oxygen is lost. Coenzymes act as oxidizing agents or reducing agents. Oxidizing agent drives the oxidation reaction and gets reduced. Reducing agent drives reduction reactions and gets oxidized. Decarboxylation is a reaction that removes the carboxyl group of a compound as CO₂.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The step in which NAD⁺ is necessary needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

A coenzyme is a compound which involves in enzyme-catalyzed reactions. Some coenzymes act as oxidizing or reducing agents.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The reason due to which enzyme that catalyzes the given reaction is called isocitrate dehydrogenase needs to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Dehydrogenase is a class of enzymes that catalyzes the removal of hydrogens from a molecule.

Answer 6

Chapter 23, Problem 23.49P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The reaction [3a] needs to be classified as oxidation, reduction or decarboxylation.

Concept Introduction:

During oxidation of compound electrons or hydrogens are lost or oxygen is gained. During the reduction of a compound, electrons or hydrogens are gained or oxygen is lost. Coenzymes act as oxidizing agents or reducing agents. Oxidizing agent drives the oxidation reaction and gets reduced. Reducing agent drives reduction reactions and gets oxidized. Decarboxylation is a reaction that removes the carboxyl group of a compound as CO₂.

Answer 7

Chapter 23, Problem 23.49P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The reaction [3a] needs to be classified as oxidation, reduction or decarboxylation.

Concept Introduction:

During oxidation of compound electrons or hydrogens are lost or oxygen is gained. During the reduction of a compound, electrons or hydrogens are gained or oxygen is lost. Coenzymes act as oxidizing agents or reducing agents. Oxidizing agent drives the oxidation reaction and gets reduced. Reducing agent drives reduction reactions and gets oxidized. Decarboxylation is a reaction that removes the carboxyl group of a compound as CO₂.

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The reaction [3b] needs to be classified as an oxidation, reduction or decarboxylation.

Concept Introduction:

During oxidation of compound electrons or hydrogens are lost or oxygen is gained. During the reduction of a compound, electrons or hydrogens are gained or oxygen is lost. Coenzymes act as oxidizing agents or reducing agents. Oxidizing agent drives the oxidation reaction and gets reduced. Reducing agent drives reduction reactions and gets oxidized. Decarboxylation is a reaction that removes the carboxyl group of a compound as CO₂.

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The reaction [3b] needs to be classified as an oxidation, reduction or decarboxylation.

Concept Introduction:

During oxidation of compound electrons or hydrogens are lost or oxygen is gained. During the reduction of a compound, electrons or hydrogens are gained or oxygen is lost. Coenzymes act as oxidizing agents or reducing agents. Oxidizing agent drives the oxidation reaction and gets reduced. Reducing agent drives reduction reactions and gets oxidized. Decarboxylation is a reaction that removes the carboxyl group of a compound as CO₂.

Answer 10

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The step in which NAD⁺ is necessary needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

A coenzyme is a compound which involves in enzyme-catalyzed reactions. Some coenzymes act as oxidizing or reducing agents.

Answer 11

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The step in which NAD⁺ is necessary needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

A coenzyme is a compound which involves in enzyme-catalyzed reactions. Some coenzymes act as oxidizing or reducing agents.

Answer 12

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The reason due to which enzyme that catalyzes the given reaction is called isocitrate dehydrogenase needs to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Dehydrogenase is a class of enzymes that catalyzes the removal of hydrogens from a molecule.

Answer 13

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The reason due to which enzyme that catalyzes the given reaction is called isocitrate dehydrogenase needs to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Dehydrogenase is a class of enzymes that catalyzes the removal of hydrogens from a molecule.

Answer 14

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Answer 15

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Answer 16

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Answer 17

Ch. 23.2 - Prob. 23.1P Ch. 23.3 - Prob. 23.2P Ch. 23.3 - Prob. 23.3P Ch. 23.3 - Prob. 23.4P Ch. 23.3 - Prob. 23.5P Ch. 23.4 - Prob. 23.6P Ch. 23.4 - Prob. 23.7P Ch. 23.4 - Prob. 23.8P Ch. 23.4 - Prob. 23.9P Ch. 23.4 - Prob. 23.10P

Solution Summary: The author explains the steps in which NAD + is necessary in enzyme-catalyzed reactions.

Concept explainers

(c)

Interpretation:

The step in which NAD⁺ is necessary needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

A coenzyme is a compound which involves in enzyme-catalyzed reactions. Some coenzymes act as oxidizing or reducing agents.

(d)

Interpretation:

The reason due to which enzyme that catalyzes the given reaction is called isocitrate dehydrogenase needs to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Dehydrogenase is a class of enzymes that catalyzes the removal of hydrogens from a molecule.

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Chapter 23 Solutions

Solution Summary: The author explains the steps in which NAD + is necessary in enzyme-catalyzed reactions.

Concept explainers

(c) Interpretation: The step in which NAD+ is necessary needs to be determined. Concept Introduction: A coenzyme is a compound which involves in enzyme-catalyzed reactions. Some coenzymes act as oxidizing or reducing agents.

(d) Interpretation: The reason due to which enzyme that catalyzes the given reaction is called isocitrate dehydrogenase needs to be explained. Concept Introduction: Dehydrogenase is a class of enzymes that catalyzes the removal of hydrogens from a molecule.

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Chapter 23 Solutions

(c)

Interpretation:

The step in which NAD⁺ is necessary needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

A coenzyme is a compound which involves in enzyme-catalyzed reactions. Some coenzymes act as oxidizing or reducing agents.

(d)

Interpretation:

The reason due to which enzyme that catalyzes the given reaction is called isocitrate dehydrogenase needs to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Dehydrogenase is a class of enzymes that catalyzes the removal of hydrogens from a molecule.