Organic Chemistry
4th Edition
ISBN: 9780073402772
Author: Janice G. Smith
Publisher: MCG
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Chapter 23, Problem 23.38P
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation: The reason as to why the
Concept introduction: The more easily an acid loses proton, the more it will be acidic. In case of organic compounds, various factors help to determine the strength of acidity. Acidic strength can be measured by a factor known as
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PQ-3. What is the major product of this reaction?
(A)
CN
H
(B)
CN
O
CN
CN
H
(D)
HCN
OH
CN
Given that pKa for phenol is 9.95 and pKą for the ammonium ion is 9.24, will the following reaction be
favorable? (Will the products be favored at equilibrium?)
OH
+ NH3
phenol
pKa = 9.95
ammonia
phenoxide ion
ammonium ion
pKa = 9.24
Explain why phenol (C6H50H) is substantially
more acidic than methanol (CH3OH), but
benzoic acid (C6H5CO2H) is not much more
acidic than acetic acid (CH3CO2H).
Нас — ОН
ОН
H3C-
ОН
OH
pKa = 15.5
pKa = 10.0
pk = 4.75
pk = 4.2
Chapter 23 Solutions
Organic Chemistry
Ch. 23 - Problem 23.1 Draw the enol or keto tautomer(s) of...Ch. 23 - Draw a stepwise mechanism for the following...Ch. 23 - Prob. 23.3PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.4PCh. 23 - Which CH bonds in the following molecules are...Ch. 23 - Prob. 23.6PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.7PCh. 23 - When ethyl acetoacetate (CH3COCH2CO2CH2CH3) is...Ch. 23 - Prob. 23.9PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.10P
Ch. 23 - Prob. 23.11PCh. 23 - Problem 23.11 Draw the products of each...Ch. 23 - Problem 23.12 Draw the products of each reaction....Ch. 23 - Prob. 23.14PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.15PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.16PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.17PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.18PCh. 23 - Problem 23.18 How can pentan-2-one be converted...Ch. 23 - Problem 23.19 Identify A, B, and C, intermediates...Ch. 23 - Prob. 23.21PCh. 23 - Problem 23.21 Draw the products of each...Ch. 23 - Prob. 23.23PCh. 23 - What alkyl halides are needed to prepare each...Ch. 23 - Prob. 23.25PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.26PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.27PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.28PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.29PCh. 23 - 23.29 Draw enol tautomer(s) for each compound....Ch. 23 - 22.30 The cis ketone A is isomerized to a trans...Ch. 23 - Draw enol tautomers for each compound. a. b. c.Ch. 23 - Prob. 23.33PCh. 23 - What hydrogen atoms in each compound have a pKa25?...Ch. 23 - Rank the labeled protons in each compound in order...Ch. 23 - Prob. 23.36PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.37PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.38PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.39PCh. 23 - 23.38 Acyclovir is an effective antiviral agent...Ch. 23 - Prob. 23.41PCh. 23 - 23.39 Explain why forms two different alkylation...Ch. 23 - 23.41 Acid-catalyzed bromination of pentanone ...Ch. 23 - Draw a stepwise mechanism for each reaction. a. b.Ch. 23 - What alkyl halides are needed to prepare each...Ch. 23 - Use the malonic ester synthesis to prepare each...Ch. 23 - 23.45 Devise a synthesis of valproic acid , a...Ch. 23 - Synthesize each compound from diethyl malonate....Ch. 23 - Prob. 23.49PCh. 23 - What alkyl halides are needed to prepare each...Ch. 23 - Synthesize each compound from ethyl acetoacetate....Ch. 23 - Draw the organic products formed in each reaction....Ch. 23 - 23.51 Draw the products formed (including...Ch. 23 - Prob. 23.54PCh. 23 - 23.54 Clopidogrel is the generic name for Plavix,...Ch. 23 - 23.55 What reaction conditions—base, solvent, and...Ch. 23 - Explain why each of the following reactions will...Ch. 23 - Prob. 23.58PCh. 23 - 23.57 Draw a stepwise mechanism showing how two...Ch. 23 - 23.58 Draw a stepwise mechanism for the following...Ch. 23 - Prob. 23.61PCh. 23 - 23.60 Draw stepwise mechanisms illustrating how...Ch. 23 - Prob. 23.63PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.64PCh. 23 - Convert acetophenone (C6H5COCH3) into each of the...Ch. 23 - Prob. 23.66PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.67PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.68PCh. 23 - Synthesize each product from ethyl acetoacetate...Ch. 23 - Prob. 23.70PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.71PCh. 23 - 23.68 Capsaicin, the spicy component of hot...Ch. 23 - 23.69 Treatment of W with , followed by , affords...Ch. 23 - Prob. 23.74PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.75PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.76PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.77PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.78P
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- The following pKa values have been measured. Explain why a hydroxyl group in the para position decreases the acidity while a hydroxyl group in the meta position increases the acidity.arrow_forwardThioglycolic acid, HSCH2CO2H, a substance used in depilatory agents (hair removers) has pKa = 3.42. What is the percent dissociation of thioglycolic acid in a buffer solution at pH = 3.0?arrow_forwardUsing pKa Values to Determine Relative Acidity and Basicity Rank the following compounds in order of increasing acidity, and then rank their conjugate bases in order of increasing basicity.arrow_forward
- Identify A–J:arrow_forwardPQ-12. What is the major product of this reaction? Н (В) ОН 1) LiAIH4, Et2O 2) H30+ (D) ОНarrow_forwardPhenol has a pka = 10.0. 4-Hydroxybenzaldehyde has a pka = 7.3. Draw resonance forms of the conjugate base of both and explain why 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde is more acidic. (Acidic H is underlined.) OH phenol OH -H* - H* 4-hyroxybenzaldehydearrow_forward
- Answer questions a-c about the Bronsted acid-base reaction below using the identifying letters A-D below each structure. The pKa's for the acids of interest are: cyclohexanone (pK = 16.7), and ethylammonium ion (pK = 10.8). CH5 NH2 CH ÑH3 A в D ethylamine cyclohexanone ethylammonium cyclohexanone enolate a) The stronger base is b) Its conjugate acid is c) The species that predominate at equilibrium are (two letters, e.g. ac)arrow_forwardPQ-23. What are the major products of this reaction? (A) i 18ОН ОН > (B) (D) 180 i Å CH 3 + NaOH (aq) 18ОН OHarrow_forwardExplain the selectivity observed in the following reactions.arrow_forward
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