Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation: To classify FAD as (1) a product in the CAC, (2) a product in the ETC, or (3) a product in both the CAC and the ETC.
Concept introduction: Common
These stages are included in the common metabolic pathway because the reactions in these stages are the same for different kinds of food.
The citric acid cycle is the third stage of the biochemical energy production process. The cycle includes the reactions in which the acetyl part of acetyl CoA is oxidized and leads to the formation of carbon dioxide and
Electron transport chain is a sequence of biochemical reactions in which electrons and hydrogen atoms from the citric acid cycle are transferred to various intermediate carriers and finally reacts with molecular oxygen to form a water molecule.
(b)
Interpretation: To classify
Concept introduction: Common metabolic pathway is the total sum of metabolic reactions that occur in stage third and fourth of the biochemical process or it is defined as the total sum of reactions that occur in the citric acid cycle and electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation.
These stages are included in the common metabolic pathway because the reactions in these stages are the same for different kinds of food.
The citric acid cycle is the third stage of the biochemical energy production process. The cycle includes the reactions in which the acetyl part of acetyl CoA is oxidized and leads to the formation of carbon dioxide and
Electron transport chain is a sequence of biochemical reactions in which electrons and hydrogen atoms from the citric acid cycle are transferred to various intermediate carriers and finally reacts with molecular oxygen to form a water molecule.
(c)
Interpretation: To classify malate as (1) a product in the CAC, (2) a product in the ETC, or (3) a product in both the CAC and the ETC.
Concept introduction: Common metabolic pathway is the total sum of metabolic reactions that occur in stage third and fourth of the biochemical process or it is defined as the total sum of reactions that occur in the citric acid cycle and electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation.
These stages are included in the common metabolic pathway because the reactions in these stages are the same for different kinds of food.
The citric acid cycle is the third stage of the biochemical energy production process. The cycle includes the reactions in which the acetyl part of acetyl CoA is oxidized and leads to the formation of carbon dioxide and
Electron transport chain is a sequence of biochemical reactions in which electrons and hydrogen atoms from the citric acid cycle are transferred to various intermediate carriers and finally reacts with molecular oxygen to form a water molecule.
(d)
Interpretation: To classify FMNH2as (1) a product in the CAC, (2) a product in the ETC, or (3) a product in both the CAC and the ETC.
Concept introduction: Common metabolic pathway is the total sum of metabolic reactions that occur in stage third and fourth of the biochemical process or it is defined as the total sum of reactions that occur in the citric acid cycle and electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation.
These stages are included in the common metabolic pathway because the reactions in these stages are the same for different kinds of food.
The citric acid cycle is the third stage of the biochemical energy production process. The cycle includes the reactions in which the acetyl part of acetyl CoA is oxidized and leads to the formation of carbon dioxide and
Electron transport chain is a sequence of biochemical reactions in which electrons and hydrogen atoms from the citric acid cycle are transferred to various intermediate carriers and finally reacts with molecular oxygen to form a water molecule.
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionChapter 23 Solutions
Study Guide with Selected Solutions for Stoker's General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, 7th
- Explain why monitoring blood lactate levels might be a useful technique to gauge the amount of conditioning in an Olympic runner.arrow_forwardWhat type(s) of extremophiles are used in oil well drilling operations?arrow_forwardWhich nutrient provides energy in its most concentrated form?arrow_forward
- Draw each of the following types of block diagrams for FAD. a. Three-subunit diagram b. Six-subunit diagramarrow_forwardUsing symbolic formulas such as ADP and PPi, write equations for the hydrolysis of ATP to ADP and the hydrolysis of ATP to AMP.arrow_forwardWhich of the following processes is an oxidation? Fe³+→ Fe²+ NADH → NAD+ A. B. C. FAD D. E. FADH₂ Both A and B Both A and Carrow_forward
- Modify the given molecule to show the product of the oxidation reaction using NAD+ as the oxidizing agent. Include the appropriate hydrogen atoms and charges. OH O .lari. -CH₂- NAD+ Select Draw Rings More / ||| ||| C 0 H 44 H 4 Erase +NADH- ho given molecule to show the product of the oxidation reaction using FAD as the oxidizing agent. Include thearrow_forward8. Proteins that contain iron in the electron transport chain are called a. ATPases b. coenzymes C. cytochromes d. transferasesarrow_forward25. Under anaerobic conditions, yeast produces and alcohol during alcoholic fermentation a. lactate b. CO2 c. glucose d. acetyl CoAarrow_forward
- What metabolic intermediate is formed from the carbon skeleton of each amino acid? a. phenylalaninec. asparagine b. glutamic acidd. glycinearrow_forwardFor every one glucose molecules, how many high energy molecules are formed in citric acid cycle? A. 2 NADH, 0.5 FADH2, and 0.5 GTP B. 3 NADH, 1 FADH2, and 1 GTP C. 6 NADH, 2 FADH2, and 2 GTP D. 9 NADH, 3 FADH2, and 3 GTP E. None of the abovearrow_forwardOrder the steps of the endogenous pathway starting with VLDL in the liver. Question 99 options: excess LDL taken up by receptors in the liver LDL circulates to deliver cholesterol to peripheral cells After a meal, VLDL in liver packaged with trigs and cholesterol and sent into circulation IDL transported to liver and broken down into LDL VLDL interacts with LPL to release its fatty acids. Becomes IDLarrow_forward
- General, Organic, and Biological ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781285853918Author:H. Stephen StokerPublisher:Cengage LearningOrganic And Biological ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305081079Author:STOKER, H. Stephen (howard Stephen)Publisher:Cengage Learning,Chemistry for Today: General, Organic, and Bioche...ChemistryISBN:9781305960060Author:Spencer L. Seager, Michael R. Slabaugh, Maren S. HansenPublisher:Cengage Learning
- Introduction to General, Organic and BiochemistryChemistryISBN:9781285869759Author:Frederick A. Bettelheim, William H. Brown, Mary K. Campbell, Shawn O. Farrell, Omar TorresPublisher:Cengage Learning