Concept explainers
To explain: The mechanism by which glowing in the dark could benefit the mushroom.
Concept introduction: Mushrooms are the fruiting body of club
To explain: What might be the reason why species with unusual trait live in the same region.
Concept introduction: Mushrooms are the fruiting body of club fungi meant for their sexual reproduction. They produce sexual spores in this special structure as seeds inside a fruit. Other than just a fruiting body, some mushrooms are found to have some unusual traits that make them rare. Some scientists have discovered mushrooms with bioluminescent power from Brazil and Vietnam. The phenomenon by which mushrooms emit light is called bioluminescence. It is an enzyme-dependent process in which a light emitting compound namely luciferin undergoes oxidation with the help of an enzyme called luciferase, which results in the emission of light.
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Chapter 23 Solutions
Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life (MindTap Course List)
- A plant biologist discovers a new species of plant in the ashes of a recent forest fire along the sides of a steep mountain range. It is fall, and temperatures are dropping below freezing. The biologist cannot stay in the field to observe the plant. What can he infer about the plants reproductive strategy based on his recent observations? A) the plant will produce flowers because at this altitude there is sufficient sunlight B) the plant will produce comes because cones will mature into adult plants more rapidly C) the plant will produce cones because cones allow for seed dispersal through all seasons D) the plant will produce flowers because flowers can protect the seed from extreme conditionsarrow_forwardZygomycete bread molds such as Rhizopus stolonifer (black bread mold) produce sporangia in both sexual and asexual reproductive cycles. Which of the following do the sexual sporangia of Rhizopus stolonifer originate from (i.e. what does the sporangia grow out of)? Select one: O a. from the aseptate hyphae O b. from the zygosporangium O c. from the substrate O d. from the gametangiaarrow_forwardRead these two statements about plant-fungal interactions, then pick the statement below that is TRUE. (A) Root fungi in phylum Ascomycota can cause plants to produce antioxidants that provide protection against the stress of drought, and plants feed carbon to the fungi in their roots. (B) Root fungi and plants have evolved mutual benefits through a long history of interaction, in which fungi that provided the greatest benefits to plants had the highest fitness because of the carbon the plants fed them, and plants that supported fungi had the highest fitness because of the protection provided by the fungi. (A) is a proximate cause for plant-fungal symbiosis, whereas (B) is an ultimate cause. O (A) is an ultimate cause for plant-fungal symbiosis, whereas (B) is a proximate cause. Understanding plant-fungal interactions would NOT require cost-benefit analysis because there are no fitness trade-offs. (A) is an innate behavior and (B) is a learned behavior. O O O Oarrow_forward
- The ascomycete fungus that causes chestnut blight and has killed an estimated 4 billion chestnut trees in North America was accidentally imported from Asia. Why are plants particularly vulnerable to fungi imported from other regions? How do the plants in Asia protect themselves against ascomycete fungus so they are not affected?arrow_forwardMany fungi produce chemicals that inhibit bacterial growth. Why might the genes encoding these chemicals be adaptive to fungi?arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements is accurate? a) All plants have identical sporangia, all producing the same type of spores b) Plants have an embryo that is protected inside (and nourished by) the gametophyte c) Gametangia produce gametes by meiosis whereas sporangia produce spores by mitosis d) Gametangia always produce haploid gametes whereas sporangia produce diploid spores e) Gametangia are multicellular structures whereas sporangia are unicellular structuresarrow_forward
- The basidium of the club fungi could be correctly described as; A reproductive structure that produces diploid spores A sexual reproductive structure that produces 4 haploid spores An asexual reproductive structure that produces thousands of spores A sexually reproductive structure that produces 8 haploid sporesarrow_forwardGive three reasons why tilapia does not stay in the seaarrow_forwardAs shown many plants of the desert plant Lithops. How many leaves does each plant have? (By the way, even if you grow these in ideal conditions, they never have more than this number.)arrow_forward
- Individual amoebae (Dictyostelium discoideum) occasionally aggregate into a colony. About 20 percent of the amoebae in the colony make up a stalk that supports a ball composed of the remainder of the amoebae. The stalk-forming individuals die without reproducing, whereas the amoebae in the ball, or fruiting body, give rise to spores that can become new individuals after the spores are carried away from the colony by passing insects and the like. On occasion two genetically different strains of the amoeba cooperate in the formation of a stalked fruiting body. What evolutionary puzzle is posed by this observation? Use kin (indirect) selection theory to make a prediction about the genetic similarity of the strains that work together when forming a colony versus those that do not. Please Do not write from an online sourcearrow_forwardMany fungi are decomposers and degrade organic matter (such as wood and leaf litter). It has become clear that many of these decomposers are also able to colonize live plants as endophytes (living inside the plant without causing any harm) and allowing for prime access to plant tissues once the plant dies. Explain, using the principles of natural selection, how having the ability to be both a decomposer and endophyte evolved. Make sure you include the four steps of evolution by natural selection in your response.arrow_forwardTo an alga, what is the main advantage of producing drought-resistant structures?arrow_forward