
Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
The empirical formula of the given acid has to be determined.
Concept introduction:
Maleic acid is prepared by the catalytic oxidation of benzene.It is a dicarboxylic acid ,that is, it has two
It is cis– isomer of butenedioic acid.Molecular formula is
The structure of maleic acid is as shown below.
Empirical formula of a compound is the smallest integer ratio of numbers of each element presented in that compound.
Molecular formula of a compound is integer multiple of empirical formula, the integer is depend upon the mass of empirical formula and the molecular mass of the compound.
The number of moles of any substance can be determined using the equation,
(a)

Answer to Problem 113SCQ
Empirical formula of the acid is
Explanation of Solution
Assuming the molecular formula of the compound is
It dissociates into carbondioxide and water. The equation is as follows.
Let’s calculate the moles of C in
Let’s calculate the moles of
Weight of Hydrogen =
Let’s calculate the weight of Oxygen:
Let’s calculate the mole of Oxygen:
Let’s calculate the mole ratio of each element:
Therefore, the empirical formula of the given compound is
(b)
Interpretation:
The molecular formula of the given acid has to be determined.
Concept introduction:
Maleic acid is prepared by the catalytic oxidation of benzene.It is a dicarboxylic acid ,that is, it has two carboxylic acid groups.
It is cis– isomer of butenedioic acid.Molecular formula is
The structure of maleic acid is as shown below.
Empirical formula of a compound is the smallest integer ratio of numbers of each element presented in that compound.
Molecular formula of a compound is integer multiple of empirical formula, the integer is depend upon the mass of empirical formula and the molecular mass of the compound.
The number of moles of any substance can be determined using the equation,
(b)

Answer to Problem 113SCQ
Molecular formula of the acid is
Explanation of Solution
According to the law of gram equivalents, equivalent acid is equal to the equivalents of base.
Let’s calculate the molecular formula:
Substitute the ‘n’ value we get molecular formula of acid.
(c)
Interpretation:
The Lewis structure of the given acid has to be drawn.
Concept introduction:
Maleic acid is prepared by the catalytic oxidation of benzene.It is a dicarboxylic acid ,that is, it has two carboxylic acid groups.
It is cis– isomer of butenedioic acid.Molecular formula is
The structure of maleic acid is as shown below.
Lewis structures are diagrams that represent the
It is also known as Lewis dot structures which represent the bonding between atoms of a molecule and the lone pairs of electrons that may exist in the molecule.
(c)

Explanation of Solution
The Lewis structure indicates the all unpaired electrons present in the atom in the molecules.
The Lewis structure of Maleic is as follows.
(d)
Interpretation:
The hybridization used by the carbon atom in the given acid compound has to be described.
Concept introduction:
Maleic acid is prepared by the catalytic oxidation of benzene.It is a dicarboxylic acid ,that is, it has two carboxylic acid groups.
It is cis– isomer of butenedioic acid.Molecular formula is
The structure of maleic acid is as shown below.
Hybridization is the mixing of valence atomic orbitals to get equivalent hybridized orbitals that having similar characteristics and energy.
(d)

Explanation of Solution
The Lewis structure indicates the all unpaired electrons present in the atom in the molecules.
The Lewis structure of Maleic is as follows.
The geometry around the entire carbon atoms in the molecule is trigonal planar, which means these carbon atoms used
(e)
Interpretation:
The bond angles around each C-atom in the given molecule has to be identified.
Concept introduction:
Maleic acid is prepared by the catalytic oxidation of benzene.It is a dicarboxylic acid ,that is, it has two carboxylic acid groups.
It is cis– isomer of butenedioic acid.Molecular formula is
The structure of maleic acid is as shown below.
Hybridization is the mixing of valence atomic orbitals to get equivalent hybridized orbitals that having similar characteristics and energy.
(e)

Explanation of Solution
The Lewis structure of Maleic is as follows.
The geometry around the entire carbon atoms in the molecule is trigonal planar, which means these carbon atoms used
The geometry around each carbon atom in the given compound is trigonal planar and so the bond angle is
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Chapter 23 Solutions
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