Study Guide for Campbell Biology
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780134443775
Author: Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Jane B. Reece, Martha R. Taylor, Michael A. Pollock
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 22, Problem 2IQ
List the two observations from which Darwin drew the two inferences that explain natural selection.
Observation 1:
Observation 2:
Inference 1: Individuals whose inherited traits give them a better chance of surviving and reproducing in a given environment tend to leave more offspring.
Inference 2: This unequal survival and reproduction leads to an accumulation of favorable traits in a population over generations.
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Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace accepted all of the following claims about evolution by means of natural selection, with the exception of:
over time, the species will evolve as the more fit individuals replace the less fit individuals
species can produce more offspring than the environment can sustain
those individuals that are more fit will survive and reproduce in the greatest numbers
variation is present among individuals of all species
all individuals within a species have equal chances to improve their fitness
The process of natural selection can be described as
Group of answer choices
1. an organism changing during its life to be better suited for its environment
2. a cell dividing
3. traits that cause individuals to live longer or reproduce more are seen more often in the next generation
4. none of the above
Which of the following observations about populations shaped Darwin’s principles of natural selection? Select all that apply.
As a population expands, resources that are used by its individuals eventually become limited.
Individuals within a population naturally vary in the details of shared traits.
Individuals of a population that are better able to survive tend to leave more offspring.
Natural populations have an inherent capacity to increase in size over time.
When resources are limited, the individuals of a population compete for those resources.
Chapter 22 Solutions
Study Guide for Campbell Biology
Ch. 22 - a. Write the capital letter representing the...Ch. 22 - List the two observations from which Darwin drew...Ch. 22 - a. Explain how the rapid evolution of drug...Ch. 22 - Complete the following concept map that summarizes...Ch. 22 - Explain in your own words the main components of...Ch. 22 - Briefly explain the following statement: In...Ch. 22 - Which of the following slogans best describes the...Ch. 22 - Which of the following scientists proposed that...Ch. 22 - Darwin proposed that new species evolve from...Ch. 22 - Each of the following influenced Darwin as he...
Ch. 22 - Darwins publication of On the Origin of Species...Ch. 22 - The smallest unit that can evolve is a(n) a....Ch. 22 - Which of the following statements is not...Ch. 22 - Darwin observed that organisms are capable of...Ch. 22 - What might you conclude from the observation that...Ch. 22 - The remnants of pelvic and leg bones in a snake a....Ch. 22 - The hypothesis that whales evolved from...Ch. 22 - Which of the following sources of evidence...Ch. 22 - When cytochrome c molecules are compared, yeasts...Ch. 22 - Which of the following is an example of convergent...Ch. 22 - Prob. 15TYKCh. 22 - Use the following evolutionary tree representing...Ch. 22 - Evolution by natural selection would be impossible...
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- Alfred Russel Wallace and Charles Darwin accepted all of the following claims about evolution by means of natural selection, with the exception of: over time, the species will evolve as the more fit individuals replace the less fit individuals species can produce more offspring than the environment can sustain those individuals that are more fit will survive and reproduce in the greatest numbers variation is present among individuals of all species E. all individuals within a species have equal chances to improve their fitnessarrow_forwardWhich of the following is NOT one of Darwin's postulates? Individuals in a population will have different versions of phenotypic traits Individuals in a population will vary in how successful they are with respect to survival and reproduction Some phenotypic traits can be passed from parent to offspring Individuals change in response to the environment, and pass those changes on to the next generationarrow_forwardWhich of the following statements is NOT an observation or inference on which natural selection is based? Group of answer choices Only a fraction of an individual’s offspring may survive. Species produce more offspring than the environment can support. There is heritable variation among individuals. Modifications of an organism acquires during its lifetime can be passed to its offspring.arrow_forward
- Darwin was the first person to note that evolutionary outcomes are probabilistic, meaning that they depend on the likelihood of outcomes rather than on certainties. Explain what this means in the context of Darwin’s theory of how evolution occurs? That is, how is Darwin’s theory is dependent upon the chances of a certain outcome and not on the absolute certainty of any particular outcome?arrow_forwardplease exaplain Which of the following ideas influenced the work of Charles Darwin? 1. inheritance of acquired characteristics. 2. animals tended toward "human perfection." 3. only a fraction of any population will survive and reproduce. 4. none of the options is correct. 5. the population size of humans can only increase linearly.arrow_forwardWrite a concluding paragraph that goes through the five steps of natural selection: THESE ARE THE FIVE STEPS 1. Genetic variation 2. Survival pressure 3. Advantageous trait helps individuals to survive 4. Individuals with trait produce more offspring 5. Trait becomes more common over many generationsarrow_forward
- Which statement is accurate about natural selection? It is a biological process that prevents species from adapting to significant changes in their environments. It is a biological process that leads a population to have a widespread expression of an advantageous trait. It is a biological process that allows a population to have a competitive advantage in many environments. It is a biological process that causes certain traits to be expressed less with each subsequent generation.arrow_forwardWhich of the following BEST describes the theory of natural selection? Living organisms change over time. Each species produces many more offspring than can survive long enough to reproduce. The offspring that do survive contain genes that are inherited from the parents. There is variation among the members of a species. Some of this variation is genetically determined and so can be passed on to future generations. Some individuals have genes that increase their chances for survival and reproduction. These individuals are more likely to reproduce and pass on their genes, causing their genes to become more common in the next generation. There is a struggle for existence among the members of a population.arrow_forwardNatural Selection Fill in the blanks to explain Darwin's theory of Natural Selection using these words: DNA, survive, variation, DNA, reproduce 1. Individuals in a species show 2. This is because of differences in their 3. Individuals with characteristics which suit the environment are more likely to and 4. So the from these individuals is passed onto the next generation.arrow_forward
- Place the steps of natural selection in sequential orderarrow_forwardAlternatively, selection may be performed during mating, where mating is done after a selection process of one of the sexes. The surviving individuals can pass on their (1) to the next generation. When these variations are sustained over a long time and the population changes so that it can no longer (2) with the parent population, a new species is said to have evolved.arrow_forwardBoth Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace acknowledged the influence of the economist Thomas Malthus in the development of their ideas about natural selection. Specifically, Malthus's ideas about geometric population growth implied that: only the largest and strongest individuals would survive survival of the fittest resources in every generation would be limited organisms should have as many offspring as possible organisms should have a few, very fit offspring who can compete for scarce resourcesarrow_forward
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