Chapter 22, Problem 22.27P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Purpose of heating vial has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Nominal mass may be defined as mass of most abundant isotope of a particular ion or molecule. For instance carbon exist as two isotopes $\text{C-}12$ and $\text{C-}13$. $\text{C-}12$ is abundant as much as $98.9\text{ \%}$ while abundance of $\text{C-}13$ is only $\text{1}\text{.1 \%}$. So clearly nominal mass of carbon is $12\text{ g}$.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Purpose of column kept at $60°\text{C}$ has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Structures with $\text{m/z}$ values of 84 and 144 have to be suggested.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Nicotine concentration in urine and associated uncertainty in blood of nonsmoker and smoker parent child has to be determined from spreadsheet.

Concept Introduction:

Formula to calculate uncertainty in x-intercept is as follows:

  $\text{Standard deviation in x-intercept}=\frac{s_y}{\left|m\right|}\sqrt{\frac{1}{n}+\frac{{\left(\overline{y}\right)}^2}{m^2{\displaystyle \sum \left(x_i-\overline{x}\right)}}}$