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Insect-Assisted Fertilization in Moss Moss sperm can swim, but plant ecologist Nils Cronberg suspected that they sometimes hitch a ride on crawling insects or mites (tiny animals related to spiders). To test this hypothesis he carried out an experiment. He placed patches of male and female moss gametophytes in dishes, either next to one another or with water-absorbing plaster between them. The plaster prevented sperm from swimming between plants. He then looked at how the presence or absence of insects affected the number of sporophytes formed. FIGURE 22.30 shows his results.
FIGURE 22-30 Sporophyte production in female moss patches with and without either crawling insects (springtails) or mites. No sporophytes formed in the animal-free dishes when moss patches were 2 or 4 centimeters apart.
1. Why is sporophyte formation a good way to determine if fertilization occurred?
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Chapter 22 Solutions
Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life (MindTap Course List)
- In flowers, the structures that produce male gametophytes are called _______ ;the strcutures that produce female gametophytes are called _______ . a. pollen grains; flowers c. anthers; stigma b. stamen; carpels d. megaspores; microsporesarrow_forwardThe drooping, bell-like flower Aquilegia canadensis is adapted for cross-pollination. However, if the plant has not been pollinated previously, self-pollination can occur. However, if cross pollination occurs after self-pollination takes place, the pollen from cross pollination reaches the style before the pollen from self-pollination. Using course concepts and vocabulary 1) Provide a reasoning for this phenomenon. 2) Would this adaptation for reproduction be beneficial for the plant?arrow_forwardMany biology labs use slides of root tips to demonstrate the stages of mitosis. Why is this a better choice than using a slide of a mature leaf?arrow_forward
- Fill the blank space with one of the options Look at the pollen grain in the microscope, according to the morphology that presents this type of distribution of pollen is through ................ (water-wind- animals) because they present ................ (Channels - Hooks - spikes - sticky liquid), another name that is given to this type of distribution is ................ (Zoofila - anemophilous- hydrophilic) pollination.arrow_forward(a) Describe the role of mitosis in the growth of a plant. (b) Explain why there are more cells observed in mitosis in the root tip than in the woody stem.arrow_forwardCan you answer all the parts to this question please (a) What are the advantages of the self-incompatibility (SI) system in plants? Give at least three advantages. (b) What are the differences between gametophytic SI and sporophytic SI?arrow_forward
- In angiospermic plant before formation of microspore sporogenous tissue undergo cell division (a) Name the type of cell division. (b) What would be the ploidy of the cells of tetrad?arrow_forwardAnd some plants as stigma becomes receptive to Polin able to facilitate a pollen tube at a different time from when the anthers ripen. How would this affect the plant reproductive strategy why would this increase diversity in the plants offspring?arrow_forwardDuring double fertilization, one sperm will unite with the egg, forming a zygote. As mentioned in the lecture, a generative cell divides to form two sperm. How is the second sperm used during the process of double fertilization? 00 00 It fertilizes the flower by landing directly on the stigma, which is the sticky surface found above a flower's style and ovary. This depends on the type of plant. Land plants will allocate the sperm that is not united with the egg to the formation of different tissues through mitosis and cytokinesis. It forms a triploid cell by fusing with polar nuclei. This cell then divides and develops endosperm tissue. Since it was not the sperm to fuse with the polar nuclei, the sperm cell will degenerate.arrow_forward
- Seeds and pollen grains are key adaptations for life on land. These adaptations relate to reproductive success and survival advantages. The following questions require you to explain some of these adaptations. A. Contrast sperm delivery in seedless plants with sperm delivery in seed plants. (5-6 sentence) B. Discuss at least one feature of seed plants that contributed to their success on land in contrast with seedless plants. (2-3 sentences) C. Flowering plants (Magnoliophyta) are the most successful of all plant groups in terms of their species diversity and ubiquity across habitat types. Climate warming is causing shifts in the timing of life history events for many species. Discuss how climate warming may influence reproductive strategies employed by flowering plants. (2-3 sentence)arrow_forwardPlants and animals originated in water environments and, much later, plants invaded the land and later still, animals invaded the land. a) With respect to the four groups of plants (Bryophytes, seedless vascular plants, Gymnosperms, and Angiosperms), give the basic method of fertilization. That is, how do the sperm reach the eggs? b) What is the significance of the fertilization methods to the invasion of the land by the Gymnosperms and Angiosperms?arrow_forwardWhat preliminary conclusions can you draw from the results of the experiment and what is the independent and dependent variable ?arrow_forward
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