The structure of the lactone formed as the final product in the given reaction and havinga molecular formula C 12 H 16 O 2 , is to be determined. Concept Introduction: Carboxylic acids in presence of the reagent NaH, THF followed by LDA yields anacid dianions in which the negative charge resides on both the oxygen atoms in the original carboxylic acid . However, the dianion formed has carbanionic character and it can potentially act as anucleophile to create a new carbon-carbon single bond. The reactions of dianions with epoxides generate a hydroxyl acid. The carbon atom in the dianion attacks on the less hindered carbon atom of the epoxide to yield a hydroxy acid derivative. Thus, there will be a new carbon-carbon single bond formed between the carbon atom in the dianion and the less hindered carbon atom in the epoxide. The hydroxy acid generated can be then cyclized to yield a lactone, this creates a new carbon-oxygen single bond between carbonyl carbon in the carboxylic acid group and the oxygen atom in the epoxide.

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Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 21, Problem 60DSP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structure of the lactone formed as the final product in the given reaction and havinga molecular formula C12H16O2, is to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Carboxylic acids in presence of the reagent NaH, THF followed by LDA yields anacid dianions in which the negative charge resides on both the oxygen atoms in the original carboxylic acid.

However, the dianion formed has carbanionic character and it can potentially act as anucleophile to create a new carbon-carbon single bond.

The reactions of dianions with epoxides generate a hydroxyl acid. The carbon atom in the dianion attacks on the less hindered carbon atom of the epoxide to yield a hydroxy acid derivative. Thus, there will be a new carbon-carbon single bond formed between the carbon atom in the dianion and the less hindered carbon atom in the epoxide.

The hydroxy acid generated can be then cyclized to yield a lactone, this creates a new carbon-oxygen single bond between carbonyl carbon in the carboxylic acid group and the oxygen atom in the epoxide.

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> You are trying to decide if there is a single reagent you can add that will make the following synthesis possible without any other major side products: 1. ☑ CI 2. H3O+ O Draw the missing reagent X you think will make this synthesis work in the drawing area below. If there is no reagent that will make your desired product in good yield or without complications, just check the box under the drawing area and leave it blank. Click and drag to start drawing a structure. Explanation Check ? DO 18 Ar B © 2025 McGraw Hill LLC. All Rights Reserved. Terms of Use | Privacy Center | Accessibility

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Consider a solution of 0.00304 moles of 4-nitrobenzoic acid (pKa = 3.442) dissolved in 25 mL water and titrated with 0.0991 M NaOH. Calculate the pH at the equivalence point

Answer 2

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Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 21, Problem 60DSP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structure of the lactone formed as the final product in the given reaction and havinga molecular formula C12H16O2, is to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Carboxylic acids in presence of the reagent NaH, THF followed by LDA yields anacid dianions in which the negative charge resides on both the oxygen atoms in the original carboxylic acid.

However, the dianion formed has carbanionic character and it can potentially act as anucleophile to create a new carbon-carbon single bond.

The reactions of dianions with epoxides generate a hydroxyl acid. The carbon atom in the dianion attacks on the less hindered carbon atom of the epoxide to yield a hydroxy acid derivative. Thus, there will be a new carbon-carbon single bond formed between the carbon atom in the dianion and the less hindered carbon atom in the epoxide.

The hydroxy acid generated can be then cyclized to yield a lactone, this creates a new carbon-oxygen single bond between carbonyl carbon in the carboxylic acid group and the oxygen atom in the epoxide.

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Answer 3

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Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 21, Problem 60DSP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structure of the lactone formed as the final product in the given reaction and havinga molecular formula C12H16O2, is to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Carboxylic acids in presence of the reagent NaH, THF followed by LDA yields anacid dianions in which the negative charge resides on both the oxygen atoms in the original carboxylic acid.

However, the dianion formed has carbanionic character and it can potentially act as anucleophile to create a new carbon-carbon single bond.

The reactions of dianions with epoxides generate a hydroxyl acid. The carbon atom in the dianion attacks on the less hindered carbon atom of the epoxide to yield a hydroxy acid derivative. Thus, there will be a new carbon-carbon single bond formed between the carbon atom in the dianion and the less hindered carbon atom in the epoxide.

The hydroxy acid generated can be then cyclized to yield a lactone, this creates a new carbon-oxygen single bond between carbonyl carbon in the carboxylic acid group and the oxygen atom in the epoxide.

Expert Solution & Answer

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Check out a sample textbook solution

See solution

Answer 4

Question

Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 21, Problem 60DSP

Interpretation Introduction