Biology (MindTap Course List)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781337392938
Author: Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 21, Problem 5TYU
Summary Introduction
Concept introduction: Molecular systematics helps the biologist to interpret the fossil record to assume the evolutionary history of animals. The scanty availability of fossils is always an obstacle for the biologist to detect the rate of divergence, age, and the number of branches of the animal groups.
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The oxygen revolution changed Earth’s environmentdramatically. Which of the following took advantage of thepresence of free oxygen in the oceans and atmosphere?(A) the evolution of cellular respiration, which used oxygen tohelp harvest energy from organic molecules(B) the persistence of some animal groups in anaerobichabitats(C) the evolution of photosynthetic pigments that protectedearly algae from the corrosive effects of oxygen(D) the evolution of chloroplasts after early protists incorporated photosynthetic cyanobacteria
Direct evidence of life on early Earth comes from fossils of microorganisms that lived 3.5 billion years ago. But how did the first living cells appear?
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Based on the given figure, answer the
following questions
(Note: BYA=Billion Years ago; MYA= Million
years ago)
The oldest eukaryote might be dated back to?
Each day represents how many years?
When did the first prokaryotic fossil exist?
When did photosynthesis first emerged?
The multicellular organisms appeared?
~1.5 BYA ~2.5 BYA ~10 BYA
~3.5 BYA
~150 MY
~50 MY
~1 MY
~4.5 MYA ~ 10 MYA
~1 BYA
Chapter 21 Solutions
Biology (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 21.1 - Describe the conditions that scientists think...Ch. 21.1 - Compare the prebiotic soup hypothesis with the...Ch. 21.1 - Prob. 1CCh. 21.1 - How does the ironsulfur world hypothesis differ...Ch. 21.2 - Outline the major steps hypothesized to have...Ch. 21.2 - Explain how the evolution of photosynthetic...Ch. 21.2 - Prob. 5LOCh. 21.2 - Prob. 1CCh. 21.2 - Prob. 2CCh. 21.2 - VISUALIZE Draw a simple sketch illustrating the...
Ch. 21.3 - Briefly describe the distinguishing organisms and...Ch. 21.3 - What is the correct order of appearance in the...Ch. 21.3 - Prob. 2CCh. 21.3 - What is the correct order of appearance in the...Ch. 21 - Energy, the absence of molecular oxygen, chemical...Ch. 21 - Prob. 2TYUCh. 21 - Prob. 3TYUCh. 21 - According to the hypothesis of serial...Ch. 21 - Prob. 5TYUCh. 21 - Prob. 6TYUCh. 21 - Prob. 7TYUCh. 21 - The time of greatest evolutionary diversification...Ch. 21 - Prob. 9TYUCh. 21 - The Age of Reptiles corresponds to the (a)...Ch. 21 - Evidence exists that a catastrophic collision...Ch. 21 - Flowering plants and mammals diversified and...Ch. 21 - Prob. 13TYUCh. 21 - EVOLUTION LINK If you were studying how...Ch. 21 - EVOLUTION LINK If living cells were produced in a...Ch. 21 - EVOLUTION LINK Why did the evolution of...Ch. 21 - INTERPRET DATA Evidence for the oldest...
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- Name of the group of microorganisms that completely changed the evolution of life on Earth. - Why can we say that this group contributed to the delimitation of the limits of life? What is their ecological role? - How did these organisms contribute to the evolution of eukaryotic cells and metabolisms? - How did these organisms contribute to the establishment of life in extraterrestrial (out-of-water) environments?arrow_forwardIn Oct 2022, a chilling discovery was made in Vuvatu, a country known for its extensive volcanic landscapes. Scientists found the remains of a large organism that had no resemblance to any current form of life on Earth. The organism also had no resemblance to any fossils ever found, including the very few fossils ever recovered from Vuvatu (fossils are rarely ever found in Vuvatu since volcanic landscapes are generally not conducive of fossilization). The world buzzed with the possibility that this was a crash site for an extraterrestrial body. An extensive study of the uncovered remains was conducted by many research facilities. Their conclusions regarding the organism’s features are listed below: Physical features: The organism has a surprisingly soft and malleable exoskeleton that reflects ambient light, creating mesmerizing patterns. In fact, the remains highly suggest that most of its body parts are soft and blubbery rather than rigid. Habitat: Given its relationship with…arrow_forwardIn Oct 2022, a chilling discovery was made in Vuvatu, a country known for its extensive volcanic landscapes. Scientists found the remains of a large organism that had no resemblance to any current form of life on Earth. The organism also had no resemblance to any fossils ever found, including the very few fossils ever recovered from Vuvatu (fossils are rarely ever found in Vuvatu since volcanic landscapes are generally not conducive of fossilization). The world buzzed with the possibility that this was a crash site for an extraterrestrial body. An extensive study of the uncovered remains was conducted by many research facilities. Their conclusions regarding the organism’s features are listed below: Physical features: The organism has a surprisingly soft and malleable exoskeleton that reflects ambient light, creating mesmerizing patterns. In fact, the remains highly suggest that most of its body parts are soft and blubbery rather than rigid. Habitat: Given its relationship with…arrow_forward
- In Oct 2022, a chilling discovery was made in Vuvatu, a country known for its extensive volcanic landscapes. Scientists found the remains of a large organism that had no resemblance to any current form of life on Earth. The organism also had no resemblance to any fossils ever found, including the very few fossils ever recovered from Vuvatu (fossils are rarely ever found in Vuvatu since volcanic landscapes are generally not conducive of fossilization). The world buzzed with the possibility that this was a crash site for an extraterrestrial body. An extensive study of the uncovered remains was conducted by many research facilities. Their conclusions regarding the organism's features are listed below: 1. Physical features: The organism has a surprisingly soft and malleable exoskeleton that reflects ambient light, creating mesmerizing patterns. In fact, the remains highly suggest that most of its body parts are soft and blubbery rather than rigid. 2. Habitat: Given its relationship with…arrow_forwardIn Oct 2022, a chilling discovery was made in Vuvatu, a country known for its extensive volcanic landscapes. Scientists found the remains of a large organism that had no resemblance to any current form of life on Earth. The organism also had no resemblance to any fossils ever found, including the very few fossils ever recovered from Vuvatu (fossils are rarely ever found in Vuvatu since volcanic landscapes are generally not conducive of fossilization). The world buzzed with the possibility that this was a crash site for an extraterrestrial body. An extensive study of the uncovered remains was conducted by many research facilities. Their conclusions regarding the organism’s features are listed below: Physical features: The organism has a surprisingly soft and malleable exoskeleton that reflects ambient light, creating mesmerizing patterns. In fact, the remains highly suggest that most of its body parts are soft and blubbery rather than rigid. Habitat: Given its relationship with…arrow_forwardChronologically arrange the evolutionary events with 1 being the earliest and 6 the most recent. ____ 1 a. Onset of oxygen-releasing pathway of photosynthesis ____ 2 b.Liquid water appears ____ 3 c.Origin of protocells ____ 4 d. Emmergence of the first eukaryotes ____ 5 e. Origin of chloroplasts ____ 6 f. The big bangarrow_forward
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