Biology (MindTap Course List)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781337392938
Author: Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Textbook Question
Chapter 21, Problem 16TYU
EVOLUTION LINK Why did the evolution of multicellular organisms such as plants and animals have to be preceded by the evolution of oxygen-producing photosynthesis?
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The oxygen revolution changed Earth’s environmentdramatically. Which of the following took advantage of thepresence of free oxygen in the oceans and atmosphere?(A) the evolution of cellular respiration, which used oxygen tohelp harvest energy from organic molecules(B) the persistence of some animal groups in anaerobichabitats(C) the evolution of photosynthetic pigments that protectedearly algae from the corrosive effects of oxygen(D) the evolution of chloroplasts after early protists incorporated photosynthetic cyanobacteria
Approximately how long ago did homo sapen (humans) first appear on Earth
2,000 years ago
5-7 million years ago
65 million years ago
150,000 - 200,000 years ago
Hominins developed their unique larger brains before acquiring the ability to move on two feet.
True
False
the production of atmospheric oxygen in Earth's environment started with
photosynthesis by prokaryotes
photosynthesis by multicellular eukaryotes
photosynthesis by single celled algae
photosynthesis by land plants
Homologous structures among animal provide evidence for evolution in that theses structure are
all produced by the same gene
different in different animals, but are modifications of the same basic structure
similar in function, but of different basic structure
all different structures within the same species
The animals body plans that emerged from the Cambrian Explosion were multi-cellular and significantly larger than animals that predated the Cambrian. This required the ability to use the process of aerobic respiration to more efficiently break down food molecules. What are two milestones that occurred in the Eon(s) that predated the Cambrian explosion that allowed for this more efficient form of energy production? (List both the milestone and the Eon in which it occurred)
Chapter 21 Solutions
Biology (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 21.1 - Describe the conditions that scientists think...Ch. 21.1 - Compare the prebiotic soup hypothesis with the...Ch. 21.1 - Prob. 1CCh. 21.1 - How does the ironsulfur world hypothesis differ...Ch. 21.2 - Outline the major steps hypothesized to have...Ch. 21.2 - Explain how the evolution of photosynthetic...Ch. 21.2 - Prob. 5LOCh. 21.2 - Prob. 1CCh. 21.2 - Prob. 2CCh. 21.2 - VISUALIZE Draw a simple sketch illustrating the...
Ch. 21.3 - Briefly describe the distinguishing organisms and...Ch. 21.3 - What is the correct order of appearance in the...Ch. 21.3 - Prob. 2CCh. 21.3 - What is the correct order of appearance in the...Ch. 21 - Energy, the absence of molecular oxygen, chemical...Ch. 21 - Prob. 2TYUCh. 21 - Prob. 3TYUCh. 21 - According to the hypothesis of serial...Ch. 21 - Prob. 5TYUCh. 21 - Prob. 6TYUCh. 21 - Prob. 7TYUCh. 21 - The time of greatest evolutionary diversification...Ch. 21 - Prob. 9TYUCh. 21 - The Age of Reptiles corresponds to the (a)...Ch. 21 - Evidence exists that a catastrophic collision...Ch. 21 - Flowering plants and mammals diversified and...Ch. 21 - Prob. 13TYUCh. 21 - EVOLUTION LINK If you were studying how...Ch. 21 - EVOLUTION LINK If living cells were produced in a...Ch. 21 - EVOLUTION LINK Why did the evolution of...Ch. 21 - INTERPRET DATA Evidence for the oldest...
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- Which of the following provide support for the endosymbiont hypothesis? Check all that apply the electron transport chain is located in the inner mitochondrial membrane of prokaryotic cells the electron transport chain is located in the outer mitochondrial membrane of eukaryotic cells like prokaryotic cells, mitochondria contain a circular DNA molecule mitochondria have only one membrane the citric acid cycle occurs in the cytoplasm of prokaryotic cellsarrow_forwardInvestigate and describe how prokaryotic cells photosynthesize without having chloroplasts. What impact did these organisms have on the geological and evolutionary history of the earth?arrow_forwardHow can we use the structures that are involved with photosynthesis and cellular respiration to determine the earliest forms of life and how they developed? Why is the study of endosymbosis vital for biology?arrow_forward
- QUESTION 4 Why do scientists think that the increased availability of oxygen in the atmosphere was an important contributing factor to the Cambrian Explosion? Increased oxygen in the atmosphere allowed more efficient ATP generation, making it easier to support a larger and more complex body Increased oxygen in the atmosphere made life on land possible Oxygen is a mutagen that increases the rate of evolution Increased oxygen in the atmosphere triggered many organisms to stop undergoing photosynthesisarrow_forwardPlease answer fastarrow_forwardA scientist discovered a new group of unicellular organisms that lack mitochondria but possess an organelle related to the endoplasmic reticulum and is involved in energy production. The scientist hypothesizes that this organelle might be a missing link in the evolution of mitochondria. A) Do you agree with this hypothesis? Explain. B) Based on the available evidence, what is the most likely hypothesis for the origin of mitochondria? Provide four pieces of evidence to support this theory and justify why they are valid.arrow_forward
- Just as all life shares a last universal common ancestor, all eukaryotes share a last eukaryotic common ancestor (LECA). In considering what LECA was like, scientists look for features and processes common to all or nearly all eukaryotic groups. They assume that these structures emerged before the groups diverged and thus were present in LECA. Make a list of the features and processes that you think might have been passed down from LECA to modern eukaryotes.arrow_forward1) According to the endosymbiotic theory of the origin of chloroplasts, photosynthetic prokaryotic cells________? 2) The tremendous increase in the diversity of animals beginning about 542 million years ago is called the______? 3) Two completely unrelated species that are found in the same environment are observed to have the same adaptation. This observation describes_________?arrow_forwardGive a Explanation Detailed Solutionarrow_forward
- Around the time Eukaryotic Cells began to compartmentalize their reactions, and the chloroplast and mitochondria evolved, the atmosphere went through a shift in composition. A new deadly gas became more and more prominent, which likely caused a mass extinction for those organisms that couldn't adapt to its toxicity. The gas was: Nitrogen Sulfuric Acid Oxygen Methanearrow_forwardWhich of the following occurred first in the history of life on earth? Colonization of land Evolution of photosynthesis Origin of unicellular eukaryotes Origin of multicellular eukaryotes Origin of prokaryotesarrow_forwardWhich of the following steps has not yet been accomplished byscientists studying the origin of life?(A) synthesis of small RNA polymers by ribozymes(B) formation of molecular aggregates with selectivelypermeable membranes(C) formation of protocells that use DNA to direct thepolymerization of amino acids(D) abiotic synthesis of organic moleculesarrow_forward
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Photosynthesis & Respiration | Reactions | Chemistry | FuseSchool; Author: FuseSchool - Global Education;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3XIyweZg6Sw;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY