Biochemistry
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781305961135
Author: Mary K. Campbell, Shawn O. Farrell, Owen M. McDougal
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 21, Problem 48RE
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation:
The requirement of NADPH and
Concept introduction:
The substance that is oxidized is called a reducing agent and the substance that is reduced is called an oxidizing agent.
The synthesis of steroid hormones is from the cholesterol present in the gonads and the adrenal glands.
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Chapter 21 Solutions
Biochemistry
Ch. 21 - REFLECT AND APPLY (a) The major energy storage...Ch. 21 - RECALL What is the difference between...Ch. 21 - RECALL How are lipases activated hormonally?Ch. 21 - RECALL What is the metabolic purpose of linking a...Ch. 21 - RECALL Outline the role of carnitine in the...Ch. 21 - RECALL What is the difference between the type of...Ch. 21 - RECALL Draw a six-carbon saturated fatty acid and...Ch. 21 - REFLECT AND APPLY Why does the degradation of...Ch. 21 - REFLECT AND APPLY Given the nature of the hormonal...Ch. 21 - RECALL Compare the energy yields from the...
Ch. 21 - RECALL Which generates more ATPthe processing of...Ch. 21 - MATHEMATICAL Calculate the ATP yield for the...Ch. 21 - REFLECT AND APPLY It is frequently said that...Ch. 21 - RECALL Describe briefly how -oxidation of an...Ch. 21 - RECALL You hear a fellow student say that the...Ch. 21 - RECALL What are the unique enzymes needed to...Ch. 21 - RECALL What are the unique enzymes needed to...Ch. 21 - MATHEMATICAL Calculate the net ATP yield from the...Ch. 21 - MATHEMATICAL Calculate the net ATP yield from...Ch. 21 - MATHEMATICAL Calculate the net ATP yield from...Ch. 21 - REFLECT AND APPLY How many cycles of -oxidation...Ch. 21 - REFLECT AND APPLY It has been stated many times...Ch. 21 - RECALL Under what conditions are ketone bodies...Ch. 21 - RECALL Briefly outline the reactions involved in...Ch. 21 - REFLECT AND APPLY Why might a doctor smell the...Ch. 21 - REFLECT AND APPLY Why might a person who is an...Ch. 21 - REFLECT AND APPLY A friend who is trying to lose...Ch. 21 - RECALL Compare and contrast the pathways of fatty...Ch. 21 - RECALL Outline the steps involved in the...Ch. 21 - RECALL What is the metabolic importance of...Ch. 21 - RECALL In fatty acid degradation, we encounter...Ch. 21 - RECALL How are the two redox reactions of...Ch. 21 - RECALL How is ACP similar to coenzyme A? How is it...Ch. 21 - RECALL What is the purpose of having ACP as a...Ch. 21 - RECALL Why are linoleate and linolenate considered...Ch. 21 - REFLECT AND APPLY Is it possible to convert fatty...Ch. 21 - REFLECT AND APPLY What is the role of citrate in...Ch. 21 - REFLECT AND APPLY In the mitochondrion is a...Ch. 21 - REFLECT AND APPLY In fatty acid synthesis,...Ch. 21 - REFLECT AND APPLY (a) Where in an earlier chapter...Ch. 21 - RECALL What is the source of the glycerol in...Ch. 21 - RECALL What is the activating group used in the...Ch. 21 - RECALL What are the differences between synthesis...Ch. 21 - RECALL How are isoprene units important in...Ch. 21 - RECALL A cholesterol sample is prepared using...Ch. 21 - Prob. 46RECh. 21 - Prob. 47RECh. 21 - Prob. 48RECh. 21 - Prob. 49RECh. 21 - REFLECT AND APPLY A drug that reduces blood...Ch. 21 - RECALL What role does neuropeptide Y play in...Ch. 21 - Prob. 52RECh. 21 - Prob. 53RECh. 21 - Prob. 54RECh. 21 - RECALL What is the connection between insulin and...
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- REFLECT AND APPLY Suggest a reason why a different reducing agent (NADPH) is used in anabolic reactions rather than NADH, which plays a role in catabolic ones.arrow_forwardREFLECT AND APPLY The malate-aspartate shuttle yields about 2.5 moles of ATP for each mole of cytosolic NADH. Why does nature use the glycerol-phosphate shuttle, which yields only about 1.5 moles of ATP?arrow_forwardREFLECT AND APPLY Noncompetitive inhibition is a limiting case in which the effect of binding inhibitor has no effect on the affinity for the substrate and vice versa. Suggest what a LineweaverBurk plot would look like for an inhibitor that had a reaction scheme similar to that on page 159 (noncompetitive inhibition reaction), but where binding inhibitor lowered the affinity of EI for the substrate.arrow_forward
- REFLECT AND APPLY Sulfanilamide and related sulfa drugs were widely used to treat diseases of bacterial origin before penicillin and more advanced drugs were readily available. The inhibitory effect of sulfanilamide on bacterial growth can be reversed by p-aminobenzoate. Suggest a mode of action for sulfanilamide.arrow_forwardREFLECT AND APPLY There is a reaction in carbohydrate meta- bolism in which glucose-6-phosphate reacts with NADP+ to give 6-phosphoglucono- -lactone and NADPH. In this reaction, which substance is oxidized, and which is reduced? Which substance is the oxidizing agent, and which is the reducing agent?arrow_forwardREFLECT AND APPLY Why is it useful to plot rate data for enzymatic reactions as a straight line rather than as a curve?arrow_forward
- REFLECT AND APPLY What are some of the difficulties in determining the exact number of protons pumped across the inner mitochondrial membrane by the respiratory complexes?arrow_forwardREFLECT AND APPLY You are studying with a friend who is describing the Bohr effect. She tells you that in the lungs, hemoglobin binds oxygen and releases hydrogen ion; as a result, the pH in- creases. She goes on to say that in actively metabolizing muscle tissue, hemoglobin releases oxygen and binds hydrogen ion and, as a result, the pH decreases. Do you agree with her reasoning? Why or why not?arrow_forwardREFLECT AND APPLY Suggest a reason why heating a solution containing an enzyme markedly decreases its activity. Why is the decrease of activity frequently much less when the solution contains high concentrations of the substrate?arrow_forward
- REFLECT AND APPLY The following half reactions play important roles in metabolism. 1/2O2+2H++2eH2ONADH+H+NAD++2H++2e Which of these two is a half reaction of oxidation? Which one is a half reaction of reduction? Write the equation for the overall re- action. Which reagent is the oxidizing agent (electron acceptor)? Which reagent is the reducing agent (electron donor)?arrow_forwardREFLECT AND APPLY The enzyme D-amino acid oxidase has a very high turnover number because the D-amino acids are potentially toxic. The KM for the enzyme is in the range of 1 to 2 mM for the aromatic amino acids and in the range of 15 to 20 mM for such amino acids as serine, alanine, and the acidic amino acids. Which of these amino acids are the preferred substrates for the enzyme?arrow_forwardREFLECT AND APPLY In the mitochondrion is a short-chain carnitine acyltransferase that can take acetyl groups from acetyl-CoA and transfer them to carnitine. How might this be related to lipid biosynthesis?arrow_forward
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